Question 1

Describe the Ames test.

Accepted Answer

The test determines whether or not a sub

Question 2

The importance of V(D)J recombination is that it gives rise to new

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses being formed. 
B)  DNA combinations. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  RNA combinations. 
A)  viruses being formed. 
B)  DNA combinations. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  RNA combinations.

Question 3

Which of the following functions does a reverse transcriptase perform?

Accepted Answer

A)  proofreading 
B)  exonuclease activity 
C)  convert RNA to DNA 
D)  convert DNA to RNA 
A)  proofreading 
B)  exonuclease activity 
C)  convert RNA to DNA 
D)  convert DNA to RNA

Question 4

DNA polymerase does not make mismatched base pairs because

Accepted Answer

A)  there are no hydrogen bonds that line up between the mismatches. 
B)  the active site does not fit mismatches well. 
C)  the mismatched pairs make covalent bonds instead of hydrogen bonds. 
D)  the DNA primer does not allow for mismatched pairs. 
A)  there are no hydrogen bonds that line up between the mismatches. 
B)  the active site does not fit mismatches well. 
C)  the mismatched pairs make covalent bonds instead of hydrogen bonds. 
D)  the DNA primer does not allow for mismatched pairs.

Question 5

Contrast missense mutations, nonsense mutations, and silent mutations.

Accepted Answer

It takes three nucleotide bases in DNA t

Question 6

The best definition for DNA replication is when a cell copies its genome and is __________ cell division.

Accepted Answer

A)  entire; a required element of 
B)  partial; a required element of 
C)  entire; not required for 
D)  partial; not required for 
A)  entire; a required element of 
B)  partial; a required element of 
C)  entire; not required for 
D)  partial; not required for

Question 7

Why do helicase and gyrase need to work together?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gyrase adds the RNA primer and helicase removes it. 
B)  Helicase unwinds DNA and gyrase relieves the torsional strain. 
C)  Helicase synthesizes DNA and gyrase prevents helicase from dissociating. 
D)  Gyrase synthesizes RNA primers and helicase. 
A)  Gyrase adds the RNA primer and helicase removes it. 
B)  Helicase unwinds DNA and gyrase relieves the torsional strain. 
C)  Helicase synthesizes DNA and gyrase prevents helicase from dissociating. 
D)  Gyrase synthesizes RNA primers and helicase.

Question 8

What role does PARP1 have in repairing a single-strand DNA break?

Accepted Answer

A)  recognizes the break 
B)  removes the methyl group from guanine 
C)  replaces the mismatched pair 
D)  absorbs light to become excited 
A)  recognizes the break 
B)  removes the methyl group from guanine 
C)  replaces the mismatched pair 
D)  absorbs light to become excited

Question 9

The main function of the primosome is to

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesize primers for leading strand synthesis. 
B)  synthesize primers for lagging strand synthesis. 
C)  bind to single-stranded DNA to prevent reannealing. 
D)  synthesize new DNA on leading and lagging strand. 
A)  synthesize primers for leading strand synthesis. 
B)  synthesize primers for lagging strand synthesis. 
C)  bind to single-stranded DNA to prevent reannealing. 
D)  synthesize new DNA on leading and lagging strand.

Question 10

When a cytosine is deaminated to form uracil and removed by glycosylase enzymes, a __________ site is generated.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonbasic 
B)  abasic 
C)  dibasic 
D)  deaminated 
A)  nonbasic 
B)  abasic 
C)  dibasic 
D)  deaminated

Question 11

Describe the experiment that demonstrated that complete unwinding of the chromosome does not occur.

Accepted Answer

John Cairnes grew E. coli in the presenc

Question 12

How is an individual with Lynch syndrome at higher risk for cancer?

Accepted Answer

Lynch syndrome is caused by autosomal do

Question 13

What is NOT a likely repair system used if a strand of DNA has a pyrimidine dimer?

Accepted Answer

A)  mismatch repair 
B)  direct repair pathway 
C)  base excision 
D)  nucleotide excision 
A)  mismatch repair 
B)  direct repair pathway 
C)  base excision 
D)  nucleotide excision

Question 14

What is the mechanism by which replication errors are fixed in E. coli?

Accepted Answer

A)  degrading of the entire DNA strand to start over 
B)  base excision 
C)  mismatch repair 
D)  abasic repair 
A)  degrading of the entire DNA strand to start over 
B)  base excision 
C)  mismatch repair 
D)  abasic repair

Question 15

Which of the following best describes base excision?

Accepted Answer

A)  removal and replacement of individual bases that have been damaged by various chemical reactions 
B)  repair of large lesions that distort DNA 
C)  removal of individual bases that have been phosphorylated 
D)  repair of small lesions that distort DNA 
A)  removal and replacement of individual bases that have been damaged by various chemical reactions 
B)  repair of large lesions that distort DNA 
C)  removal of individual bases that have been phosphorylated 
D)  repair of small lesions that distort DNA

Question 16

Which enzyme synthesizes the RNA primer for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  DNA primase 
C)  DNA polymerization 
D)  DNA Pol III 
A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  DNA primase 
C)  DNA polymerization 
D)  DNA Pol III

Question 17

What are the mechanisms for excision nucleotide repairs in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  global genomic and mismatch 
B)  global genomic and base excision 
C)  transcription-coupled and partial genomic 
D)  transcription-coupled and global genomic 
A)  global genomic and mismatch 
B)  global genomic and base excision 
C)  transcription-coupled and partial genomic 
D)  transcription-coupled and global genomic

Question 18

Bidirectional replication is defined as replication

Accepted Answer

A)  with one replication fork. 
B)  with two replication forks. 
C)  that unwinds the DNA completely to replicate. 
D)  that replicates the DNA in a given direction. 
A)  with one replication fork. 
B)  with two replication forks. 
C)  that unwinds the DNA completely to replicate. 
D)  that replicates the DNA in a given direction.

Question 19

What is the difference between a transposon move and a retrotransposon move?

Accepted Answer

Transposons move by a cut-and-paste mech

Question 20

The 3 ' -hydroxyl group used to initiate DNA synthesis comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  a RNA primer. 
B)  the magnesium ion. 
C)  uracils, always. 
D)  amino acids, always. 
A)  a RNA primer. 
B)  the magnesium ion. 
C)  uracils, always. 
D)  amino acids, always.

Exam 20: DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Describe the Ames test.

The importance of V(D)J recombination is that it gives rise to new

Which of the following functions does a reverse transcriptase perform?

DNA polymerase does not make mismatched base pairs because

Contrast missense mutations, nonsense mutations, and silent mutations.

The best definition for DNA replication is when a cell copies its genome and is __________ cell division.

Why do helicase and gyrase need to work together?

What role does PARP1 have in repairing a single-strand DNA break?

The main function of the primosome is to

When a cytosine is deaminated to form uracil and removed by glycosylase enzymes, a __________ site is generated.

Describe the experiment that demonstrated that complete unwinding of the chromosome does not occur.

How is an individual with Lynch syndrome at higher risk for cancer?

What is NOT a likely repair system used if a strand of DNA has a pyrimidine dimer?

What is the mechanism by which replication errors are fixed in E. coli?

Which of the following best describes base excision?

Which enzyme synthesizes the RNA primer for DNA replication?

What are the mechanisms for excision nucleotide repairs in eukaryotes?

Bidirectional replication is defined as replication

What is the difference between a transposon move and a retrotransposon move?

The 3 ' -hydroxyl group used to initiate DNA synthesis comes from

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

The 3 ^' -hydroxyl group used to initiate DNA synthesis comes from