Question 1

The primary function of carbohydrates is

Accepted Answer

A)  quick fuel and short-term energy storage. 
B)  structural reinforcement of plant and fungal cell walls. 
C)  encoding the hereditary information. 
D)  to speed chemical reactions in cells. 
E)  to transport molecules across cell membranes. 
A)  quick fuel and short-term energy storage. 
B)  structural reinforcement of plant and fungal cell walls. 
C)  encoding the hereditary information. 
D)  to speed chemical reactions in cells. 
E)  to transport molecules across cell membranes.

Question 2

Since pure water is neutral in pH, it contains

Accepted Answer

A)  no hydrogen ions (H+). 
B)  no hydroxide ions (OH-). 
C)  neither hydrogen ions (H+) nor hydroxide ions (OH-). 
D)  an equal number of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). 
E)  seven times more hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-). 
A)  no hydrogen ions (H+). 
B)  no hydroxide ions (OH-). 
C)  neither hydrogen ions (H+) nor hydroxide ions (OH-). 
D)  an equal number of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). 
E)  seven times more hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-).

Question 3

The ________ structure of a protein consists of a strand of amino acids forming an alpha helix or pleated sheet.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary 
E)  molecular 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary 
E)  molecular

Question 4

The nucleus of an atom contains

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrons and electrons. 
B)  electrons only. 
C)  protons, neutrons, and electrons. 
D)  protons and neutrons. 
E)  neutrons only. 
A)  neutrons and electrons. 
B)  electrons only. 
C)  protons, neutrons, and electrons. 
D)  protons and neutrons. 
E)  neutrons only.

Question 5

A genetic mutation can cause a change in the sequence of the 20 amino acids used to build proteins. Such a change is a change to the protein's

Accepted Answer

A)  primary structure only. 
B)  secondary structure only. 
C)  tertiary structure only. 
D)  primary structure, but this will likely alter higher levels of structure as well. 
E)  quaternary structure only. 
A)  primary structure only. 
B)  secondary structure only. 
C)  tertiary structure only. 
D)  primary structure, but this will likely alter higher levels of structure as well. 
E)  quaternary structure only.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both ionic and covalent bonds involve electrons in the innermost shell. 
B)  Covalent bonds share electrons between two atoms. 
C)  An atom involved in an ionic bond has an equal number of electrons and protons. 
D)  Salts are covalently bonded. 
E)  The atoms in a molecule of water (H2O) are bonded together with ionic bonds. 
A)  Both ionic and covalent bonds involve electrons in the innermost shell. 
B)  Covalent bonds share electrons between two atoms. 
C)  An atom involved in an ionic bond has an equal number of electrons and protons. 
D)  Salts are covalently bonded. 
E)  The atoms in a molecule of water (H2O) are bonded together with ionic bonds.

Question 7

Which group of lipids forms a barrier around cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  phospholipids 
B)  steroids 
C)  triglycerides 
D)  saturated acids 
E)  trans-fatty acids 
A)  phospholipids 
B)  steroids 
C)  triglycerides 
D)  saturated acids 
E)  trans-fatty acids

Question 8

An ion is an atom that

Accepted Answer

A)  exists in a gaseous state. 
B)  has a net charge. 
C)  does not have a net charge. 
D)  shares electrons with other atoms. 
E)  shares neutrons with other atoms. 
A)  exists in a gaseous state. 
B)  has a net charge. 
C)  does not have a net charge. 
D)  shares electrons with other atoms. 
E)  shares neutrons with other atoms.

Question 9

Which of the following radiation uses is the one that is most likely to have both beneficial and harmful consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  using radiation to treat a cancer patient 
B)  using radiation to sterilize mail 
C)  using radiation to sterilize surgical equipment prior to a surgery 
D)  radiating fruits and vegetables prior to storage 
E)  All of the answer choices will have beneficial and harmful consequences. 
A)  using radiation to treat a cancer patient 
B)  using radiation to sterilize mail 
C)  using radiation to sterilize surgical equipment prior to a surgery 
D)  radiating fruits and vegetables prior to storage 
E)  All of the answer choices will have beneficial and harmful consequences.

Question 10

Which nutrient source is the easiest one for humans to break down and form ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  protein 
C)  cellulose 
D)  phospholipids 
E)  chitin 
A)  glucose 
B)  protein 
C)  cellulose 
D)  phospholipids 
E)  chitin

Question 11

Nucleic acids are polymers of

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids. 
B)  nucleotides. 
C)  glycerol. 
D)  monosaccharides. 
E)  fatty acids. 
A)  amino acids. 
B)  nucleotides. 
C)  glycerol. 
D)  monosaccharides. 
E)  fatty acids.

Question 12

Which type of lipid molecule is characterized by a backbone of four fused rings?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  phospholipid 
C)  triglyceride 
D)  steroid 
E)  amino acid 
A)  DNA 
B)  phospholipid 
C)  triglyceride 
D)  steroid 
E)  amino acid

Question 13

The moon lacks life and varies dramatically in temperature. If we could keep a layer of water spread on the surface of the moon, what effect would it have?

Accepted Answer

A)  Life would be possible but it would have to withstand these extremes in temperature. 
B)  Water would absorb and hold heat and moderate the temperature extremes. 
C)  The temperatures would drop to the lower extremes. 
D)  Because water has a high heat of vaporization, the temperatures would rise to the upper extremes. 
E)  Physical conditions would remain the same. 
A)  Life would be possible but it would have to withstand these extremes in temperature. 
B)  Water would absorb and hold heat and moderate the temperature extremes. 
C)  The temperatures would drop to the lower extremes. 
D)  Because water has a high heat of vaporization, the temperatures would rise to the upper extremes. 
E)  Physical conditions would remain the same.

Question 14

Which statement regarding acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acids increase the pH, and bases decrease the pH. 
B)  Acids increase the proportion of hydrogen ions (H+), and bases reduce the proportion of H+. 
C)  Acids are harmful, but bases are not harmful. 
D)  Acids combine with bases to form buffers. 
E)  Acids combine with bases to form sugars. 
A)  Acids increase the pH, and bases decrease the pH. 
B)  Acids increase the proportion of hydrogen ions (H+), and bases reduce the proportion of H+. 
C)  Acids are harmful, but bases are not harmful. 
D)  Acids combine with bases to form buffers. 
E)  Acids combine with bases to form sugars.

Question 15

If an element has an atomic number of 15, then

Accepted Answer

A)  the atomic mass must also be 15. 
B)  the atom has 15 electrons. 
C)  there are 7 electrons in the outermost shell. 
D)  the atom has 15 neutrons. 
E)  the atom must have only one orbital. 
A)  the atomic mass must also be 15. 
B)  the atom has 15 electrons. 
C)  there are 7 electrons in the outermost shell. 
D)  the atom has 15 neutrons. 
E)  the atom must have only one orbital.

Question 16

Aspirin is acetyl salicylic acid and can therefore pose a problem to people who have ulcers. Bufferin is an alternative to aspirin that uses a buffer to neutralize this effect by

Accepted Answer

A)  substituting another ingredient for the acetyl salicylic acid. 
B)  adding a drug to stimulate the immune system. 
C)  adding salts to neutralize the acid. 
D)  adding an equal amount of hydroxide (OH-) ions. 
E)  adding chemicals that take up excess hydrogen (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) ions. 
A)  substituting another ingredient for the acetyl salicylic acid. 
B)  adding a drug to stimulate the immune system. 
C)  adding salts to neutralize the acid. 
D)  adding an equal amount of hydroxide (OH-) ions. 
E)  adding chemicals that take up excess hydrogen (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) ions.

Question 17

The pH of blood is slightly alkaline. Which of the following would therefore be an expected pH for blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.4 
B)  4.6 
C)  4.7 
D)  7.4 
E)  13.8 
A)  6.4 
B)  4.6 
C)  4.7 
D)  7.4 
E)  13.8

Question 18

You notice that rain water forms "beads" on your car. This is an example of what property of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  cohesion 
B)  dissociation 
C)  high heat of vaporization 
D)  adhesion 
E)  solvent 
A)  cohesion 
B)  dissociation 
C)  high heat of vaporization 
D)  adhesion 
E)  solvent

Question 19

Water is a liquid at room temperature. This is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic bonding of the atoms in the water molecule. 
B)  covalent bonding in the water molecule. 
C)  covalent bonding between water molecules. 
D)  hydrogen bonding within the water molecule. 
E)  hydrogen bonding between water molecules. 
A)  ionic bonding of the atoms in the water molecule. 
B)  covalent bonding in the water molecule. 
C)  covalent bonding between water molecules. 
D)  hydrogen bonding within the water molecule. 
E)  hydrogen bonding between water molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following reactions is most likely to occur if an individual was to ingest a large dose of lemon juice?

Accepted Answer

A)  There would be an increase in the amount of carbonic acid within the bloodstream. If the carbonic acid did not form, then the pH of the individual's blood could shift toward 7.2. 
B)  There would be an increase in the amount of carbonic acid within the bloodstream. If the carbonic acid did not form, then the pH of the individual's blood could shift toward 7.8. 
C)  There would be a decrease in the amount of carbonic acid within the bloodstream. If the carbonic acid did not form, then the pH of the individual's blood could shift toward 7.2. 
D)  There would be a decrease in the amount of carbonic acid within the bloodstream. If the carbonic acid did not form, then the pH of the individual's blood could shift toward 7.8. 
A)  There would be an increase in the amount of carbonic acid within the bloodstream. If the carbonic acid did not form, then the pH of the individual's blood could shift toward 7.2. 
B)  There would be an increase in the amount of carbonic acid within the bloodstream. If the carbonic acid did not form, then the pH of the individual's blood could shift toward 7.8. 
C)  There would be a decrease in the amount of carbonic acid within the bloodstream. If the carbonic acid did not form, then the pH of the individual's blood could shift toward 7.2. 
D)  There would be a decrease in the amount of carbonic acid within the bloodstream. If the carbonic acid did not form, then the pH of the individual's blood could shift toward 7.8.

Exam 2: The Molecules of Cells

The primary function of carbohydrates is

Since pure water is neutral in pH, it contains

The ________ structure of a protein consists of a strand of amino acids forming an alpha helix or pleated sheet.

The nucleus of an atom contains

A genetic mutation can cause a change in the sequence of the 20 amino acids used to build proteins. Such a change is a change to the protein's

Which of the following statements is true of chemical bonds?

Which group of lipids forms a barrier around cells?

An ion is an atom that

Which of the following radiation uses is the one that is most likely to have both beneficial and harmful consequences?

Which nutrient source is the easiest one for humans to break down and form ATP?

Nucleic acids are polymers of

Which type of lipid molecule is characterized by a backbone of four fused rings?

The moon lacks life and varies dramatically in temperature. If we could keep a layer of water spread on the surface of the moon, what effect would it have?

Which statement regarding acids and bases is correct?

If an element has an atomic number of 15, then

Aspirin is acetyl salicylic acid and can therefore pose a problem to people who have ulcers. Bufferin is an alternative to aspirin that uses a buffer to neutralize this effect by

The pH of blood is slightly alkaline. Which of the following would therefore be an expected pH for blood?

You notice that rain water forms "beads" on your car. This is an example of what property of water?

Water is a liquid at room temperature. This is due to

Which of the following reactions is most likely to occur if an individual was to ingest a large dose of lemon juice?

The Study of Life

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Cell Division

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Plant Organization and Function

Plant Reproduction and Responses

Human Organization

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive System and Nutrition

Respiratory System

Urinary System and Excretion

Nervous System

Senses

Musculoskeletal System

Endocrine System

Reproductive System

Development and Aging

Patterns of Gene Inheritance

Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Dna Structure and Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Evolution of Life

Microbiology

Protists and Fungi

Plants

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animals: Chordates and Vertebrates

Behavioral Ecology

Population and Community Ecology

Nature of Ecosystems

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation Biology

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