Question 1

Just after entering a cell, a virus

Accepted Answer

A)  begins assembling more viruses. 
B)  removes its envelope. 
C)  loses its protein capsid and the viral genome is exposed. 
D)  immediately integrates its nucleic acid genome into the host chromosomes. 
E)  begins its cycle, which always results in the death of the animal cell. 
A)  begins assembling more viruses. 
B)  removes its envelope. 
C)  loses its protein capsid and the viral genome is exposed. 
D)  immediately integrates its nucleic acid genome into the host chromosomes. 
E)  begins its cycle, which always results in the death of the animal cell. C

Question 2

Which genus of bacteria causes more diseases in humans than any other?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli 
B)  Staphylococcus 
C)  Streptococcus 
D)  Mycobacterium 
E)  Clostridium 
A)  E. coli 
B)  Staphylococcus 
C)  Streptococcus 
D)  Mycobacterium 
E)  Clostridium C

Question 3

Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment to answer the question of whether or not living things can arise spontaneously from nonliving materials. In this experiment, he used two flasks of sterile broth. What were the results of this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the flask with the curved neck, no growth occurred. However, growth did occur in the flask that allowed outside air to enter, demonstrating that living things came from outside the sterile broth. 
B)  No growth occurred in either flask, demonstrating that sterile broth could not promote growth. 
C)  Both flasks showed growth, demonstrating that spontaneous generation does occur. 
D)  While both flasks showed growth, the flask with the curved neck showed a higher growth, demonstrating that spontaneous generation does not require air. 
E)  No growth occurred in either flask, demonstrating that sterilizing the broth removed its nutrients so growth could not occur regardless of whether or not life was present. 
A)  In the flask with the curved neck, no growth occurred. However, growth did occur in the flask that allowed outside air to enter, demonstrating that living things came from outside the sterile broth. 
B)  No growth occurred in either flask, demonstrating that sterile broth could not promote growth. 
C)  Both flasks showed growth, demonstrating that spontaneous generation does occur. 
D)  While both flasks showed growth, the flask with the curved neck showed a higher growth, demonstrating that spontaneous generation does not require air. 
E)  No growth occurred in either flask, demonstrating that sterilizing the broth removed its nutrients so growth could not occur regardless of whether or not life was present. A

Question 4

What general feature defines an organism as a microbe?

Accepted Answer

A)  generally require a microscope to be seen 
B)  multicellular 
C)  heterotrophic 
D)  sexual reproduction 
E)  use aerobic respiration for metabolism 
A)  generally require a microscope to be seen 
B)  multicellular 
C)  heterotrophic 
D)  sexual reproduction 
E)  use aerobic respiration for metabolism

Question 5

The capsid of a virus is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA. 
B)  protein. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  cellulose. 
E)  lipid. 
A)  RNA. 
B)  protein. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  cellulose. 
E)  lipid.

Question 6

Metabolically, archaea

Accepted Answer

A)  are all photosynthetic. 
B)  are all heterotrophic. 
C)  can be heterotrophic or autotrophic. 
D)  are all parasitic. 
A)  are all photosynthetic. 
B)  are all heterotrophic. 
C)  can be heterotrophic or autotrophic. 
D)  are all parasitic.

Question 7

Bacteria can be beneficial in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be used to clean up an oil spill in a process called bioremediation. 
B)  They can be used in industry to generate products, particularly in food processing. 
C)  They are present on the skin and help crowd out harmful bacteria. 
D)  They function in wastewater purification to remove both organic and inorganic substances. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe ways that bacteria can be beneficial. 
A)  They can be used to clean up an oil spill in a process called bioremediation. 
B)  They can be used in industry to generate products, particularly in food processing. 
C)  They are present on the skin and help crowd out harmful bacteria. 
D)  They function in wastewater purification to remove both organic and inorganic substances. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe ways that bacteria can be beneficial.

Question 8

Although microbes are often equated with pathogens, not all are pathogenic and some help humans maintain their health. Which of the following are synthesized by bacteria that live in the human intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  folic acid and vitamin B12 
B)  insulin and vitamin K 
C)  lipids and folic acid 
D)  vitamin K and lipids 
E)  vitamins K and B12 
A)  folic acid and vitamin B12 
B)  insulin and vitamin K 
C)  lipids and folic acid 
D)  vitamin K and lipids 
E)  vitamins K and B12

Question 9

Which of the following is a benefit of microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  break down organic molecules 
B)  Various microbes help protect us from harmful microbes. 
C)  aid in digestion 
D)  synthesize vitamins K and B12 
E)  All of the answer choices are benefits of microbes. 
A)  break down organic molecules 
B)  Various microbes help protect us from harmful microbes. 
C)  aid in digestion 
D)  synthesize vitamins K and B12 
E)  All of the answer choices are benefits of microbes.

Question 10

Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria lack mitochondria. 
B)  Bacteria lack a nucleus but have DNA. 
C)  Bacteria occur in three basic shapes. 
D)  Bacteria have a single circular chromosome. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about bacteria. 
A)  Bacteria lack mitochondria. 
B)  Bacteria lack a nucleus but have DNA. 
C)  Bacteria occur in three basic shapes. 
D)  Bacteria have a single circular chromosome. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about bacteria.

Question 11

Some viruses contain which of the following structures on their outer surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  a membranous envelope composed of the host's plasma membrane 
B)  both DNA and RNA from the host 
C)  either DNA or RNA 
D)  a protein capsid 
E)  a protein spore coat 
A)  a membranous envelope composed of the host's plasma membrane 
B)  both DNA and RNA from the host 
C)  either DNA or RNA 
D)  a protein capsid 
E)  a protein spore coat

Question 12

Describe the steps in viral replication.

Accepted Answer

1. Attachment: the spikes of the virus b

Question 13

Which stage of viral reproduction takes place when the spikes of the virus bind to a specific receptor molecule on the surface of a host cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment stage 
B)  penetration stage 
C)  biosynthesis stage 
D)  maturation stage 
E)  release stage 
A)  attachment stage 
B)  penetration stage 
C)  biosynthesis stage 
D)  maturation stage 
E)  release stage

Question 14

The fact that a nucleic acid is a very complicated molecule suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  the RNA-first hypothesis is impossible. 
B)  the protein-first hypothesis is therefore the only plausible hypothesis. 
C)  sophisticated enzymes were not present or available to synthesize it. 
D)  no natural system could ever generate them. 
E)  RNA could not have arisen on its own by chance, but required enzymes to guide the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids. 
A)  the RNA-first hypothesis is impossible. 
B)  the protein-first hypothesis is therefore the only plausible hypothesis. 
C)  sophisticated enzymes were not present or available to synthesize it. 
D)  no natural system could ever generate them. 
E)  RNA could not have arisen on its own by chance, but required enzymes to guide the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids.

Question 15

If the hypothesis that protocells arose in a "RNA world" is correct, which of the following would be necessary to shift to a "DNA world"?

Accepted Answer

A)  an enzyme or reaction capable of converting ribose to deoxyribose in nucleotides 
B)  enzymes for reverse transcription of RNA into DNA 
C)  new enzymes to replicate the DNA 
D)  new enzymes for transcribing DNA back to RNA 
E)  All of the answer choices list enzymes that would be necessary for a shift from an RNA world to a DNA world. 
A)  an enzyme or reaction capable of converting ribose to deoxyribose in nucleotides 
B)  enzymes for reverse transcription of RNA into DNA 
C)  new enzymes to replicate the DNA 
D)  new enzymes for transcribing DNA back to RNA 
E)  All of the answer choices list enzymes that would be necessary for a shift from an RNA world to a DNA world.

Question 16

Which two domains do the prokaryotes belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea and Cyanobacteria 
B)  Bacteria and Cyanobacteria 
C)  photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria 
D)  Archaea and Bacteria 
E)  autotrophs and heterotrophs 
A)  Archaea and Cyanobacteria 
B)  Bacteria and Cyanobacteria 
C)  photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria 
D)  Archaea and Bacteria 
E)  autotrophs and heterotrophs

Question 17

Which organisms form lichens?

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea and algae 
B)  archaea and fungi 
C)  cyanobacteria and algae 
D)  cyanobacteria and fungi 
E)  cyanobacteria and archaea 
A)  archaea and algae 
B)  archaea and fungi 
C)  cyanobacteria and algae 
D)  cyanobacteria and fungi 
E)  cyanobacteria and archaea

Question 18

The core of a virus contains

Accepted Answer

A)  a membranous envelope. 
B)  both DNA and RNA. 
C)  either DNA or RNA. 
D)  a protein capsid. 
E)  a protein spore coat. 
A)  a membranous envelope. 
B)  both DNA and RNA. 
C)  either DNA or RNA. 
D)  a protein capsid. 
E)  a protein spore coat.

Question 19

In addition to his work with bacteria, Louis Pasteur also suggested that something even smaller than a bacterium was the cause of rabies. What did Louis Pasteur accomplish that furthered our understanding of viral diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  He was the first to discover that viruses could be based on RNA rather than DNA. 
B)  He developed a vaccine that he used to save a young boy that had contracted rabies. 
C)  He was the first to see a virus under a microscope. 
D)  He was the first to determine the life cycle of a virus. 
E)  He invented the microscope. 
A)  He was the first to discover that viruses could be based on RNA rather than DNA. 
B)  He developed a vaccine that he used to save a young boy that had contracted rabies. 
C)  He was the first to see a virus under a microscope. 
D)  He was the first to determine the life cycle of a virus. 
E)  He invented the microscope.

Question 20

Most bacteria are heterotrophs that require an outside source of organic compounds in the same way animals do.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 28: Microbiology

Just after entering a cell, a virus

Which genus of bacteria causes more diseases in humans than any other?

Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment to answer the question of whether or not living things can arise spontaneously from nonliving materials. In this experiment, he used two flasks of sterile broth. What were the results of this experiment?

What general feature defines an organism as a microbe?

The capsid of a virus is composed of

Metabolically, archaea

Bacteria can be beneficial in which of the following ways?

Although microbes are often equated with pathogens, not all are pathogenic and some help humans maintain their health. Which of the following are synthesized by bacteria that live in the human intestine?

Which of the following is a benefit of microbes?

Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?

Some viruses contain which of the following structures on their outer surface?

Describe the steps in viral replication.

Which stage of viral reproduction takes place when the spikes of the virus bind to a specific receptor molecule on the surface of a host cell?

The fact that a nucleic acid is a very complicated molecule suggests that

If the hypothesis that protocells arose in a "RNA world" is correct, which of the following would be necessary to shift to a "DNA world"?

Which two domains do the prokaryotes belong?

Which organisms form lichens?

The core of a virus contains

In addition to his work with bacteria, Louis Pasteur also suggested that something even smaller than a bacterium was the cause of rabies. What did Louis Pasteur accomplish that furthered our understanding of viral diseases?

Most bacteria are heterotrophs that require an outside source of organic compounds in the same way animals do.

The Study of Life

The Molecules of Cells

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Cell Division

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Plant Organization and Function

Plant Reproduction and Responses

Human Organization

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive System and Nutrition

Respiratory System

Urinary System and Excretion

Nervous System

Senses

Musculoskeletal System

Endocrine System

Reproductive System

Development and Aging

Patterns of Gene Inheritance

Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Dna Structure and Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Evolution of Life

Protists and Fungi

Plants

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animals: Chordates and Vertebrates

Behavioral Ecology

Population and Community Ecology

Nature of Ecosystems

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation Biology

Filters