Question 1

Which of these is the most accurate description of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  a noncellular living organism 
B)  one of the smallest bacteria known 
C)  a member of the kingdom Virusae 
D)  an organism composed of only a few cells 
E)  chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by protein 
A)  a noncellular living organism 
B)  one of the smallest bacteria known 
C)  a member of the kingdom Virusae 
D)  an organism composed of only a few cells 
E)  chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by protein

Question 2

Which of the following is a true statement about protobionts (protocells)?

Accepted Answer

A)  They would have contained DNA as the genetic material. 
B)  They evolved after the first true cells. 
C)  They represent stage 3 in the evolution of life. 
D)  They would have contained only monomers. 
E)  The hydrophilic heads of the membrane would have pointed inwards, while the hydrophobic tails would have pointed outwards. 
A)  They would have contained DNA as the genetic material. 
B)  They evolved after the first true cells. 
C)  They represent stage 3 in the evolution of life. 
D)  They would have contained only monomers. 
E)  The hydrophilic heads of the membrane would have pointed inwards, while the hydrophobic tails would have pointed outwards.

Question 3

Which of the following associations is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  herpesvirus-chickenpox 
B)  Epstein-Barr virus-shingles 
C)  viroid-scrapie 
D)  prion-influenza 
E)  HIV-Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 
A)  herpesvirus-chickenpox 
B)  Epstein-Barr virus-shingles 
C)  viroid-scrapie 
D)  prion-influenza 
E)  HIV-Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 4

Liposomes are composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids. 
B)  protein. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  nucleic acid. 
A)  amino acids. 
B)  protein. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  nucleic acid.

Question 5

Which statement is true about cyanobacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are sometimes erroneously called blue-green algae. 
B)  They can form toxic blooms in water enriched with nutrients. 
C)  They can combine with fungi to form lichens. 
D)  They can colonize rocks. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about cyanobacteria. 
A)  They are sometimes erroneously called blue-green algae. 
B)  They can form toxic blooms in water enriched with nutrients. 
C)  They can combine with fungi to form lichens. 
D)  They can colonize rocks. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about cyanobacteria.

Question 6

Proteinaceous infectious particles that cause degenerative diseases of the nervous system in humans and other animals are called

Accepted Answer

A)  archaeans. 
B)  prions. 
C)  cyanobacteria. 
D)  phages. 
E)  retroviruses. 
A)  archaeans. 
B)  prions. 
C)  cyanobacteria. 
D)  phages. 
E)  retroviruses.

Question 7

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or "mad cow disease," is caused by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  archaean. 
B)  bacterium. 
C)  cyanobacterium. 
D)  prion. 
E)  virus. 
A)  archaean. 
B)  bacterium. 
C)  cyanobacterium. 
D)  prion. 
E)  virus.

Question 8

If a virus is latent

Accepted Answer

A)  it cannot be a retrovirus. 
B)  the viral genome is reproduced along with the host cell. 
C)  it must be a retrovirus. 
D)  it is gaining a new envelope via "budding." 
E)  it is easy to develop immunity against. 
A)  it cannot be a retrovirus. 
B)  the viral genome is reproduced along with the host cell. 
C)  it must be a retrovirus. 
D)  it is gaining a new envelope via "budding." 
E)  it is easy to develop immunity against.

Question 9

What form of energy did the electric spark in the Miller-Urey experiment simulate?

Accepted Answer

A)  lightning 
B)  ultraviolet radiation 
C)  heat from volcanoes 
D)  falling water 
E)  sound 
A)  lightning 
B)  ultraviolet radiation 
C)  heat from volcanoes 
D)  falling water 
E)  sound

Question 10

The life cycle stage of an animal virus during which a mature capsid forms around copies of the viral RNA genome is

Accepted Answer

A)  budding. 
B)  attachment. 
C)  biosynthesis. 
D)  uncoating. 
E)  assembly. 
A)  budding. 
B)  attachment. 
C)  biosynthesis. 
D)  uncoating. 
E)  assembly.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order, from simple to complex, showing the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins → CH4 and NH3 → amino acids → C, H, O, N 
B)  C, H, O, N → CH4 and NH3 → amino acids → proteins 
C)  C, H, O, N → amino acids → proteins → CH4 and NH3 
D)  amino acids → proteins → C, H, O, N → CH4 and NH3 
E)  CH4 and NH3 → proteins → C, H, O, N → amino acids 
A)  proteins → CH4 and NH3 → amino acids → C, H, O, N 
B)  C, H, O, N → CH4 and NH3 → amino acids → proteins 
C)  C, H, O, N → amino acids → proteins → CH4 and NH3 
D)  amino acids → proteins → C, H, O, N → CH4 and NH3 
E)  CH4 and NH3 → proteins → C, H, O, N → amino acids

Question 12

Which relationship is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  halophiles-cold Antarctic ice 
B)  thermoacidophiles-hot, acidic environments 
C)  methanogens-high salt concentration 
D)  cyanobacteria-bacteriorhodopsin 
E)  methanogens-live in very high altitudes 
A)  halophiles-cold Antarctic ice 
B)  thermoacidophiles-hot, acidic environments 
C)  methanogens-high salt concentration 
D)  cyanobacteria-bacteriorhodopsin 
E)  methanogens-live in very high altitudes

Question 13

Which of the following describes the process of transformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  crossing-over between paired chromosomes in meiosis 
B)  a bacteria cell passing DNA to another bacterial cell by means of a sex pilus 
C)  virus carries DNA from a previous host cell to a new host cell 
D)  live bacterium picks up DNA from a dead bacterium 
E)  one bacterial cell dividing to form two bacterial cells 
A)  crossing-over between paired chromosomes in meiosis 
B)  a bacteria cell passing DNA to another bacterial cell by means of a sex pilus 
C)  virus carries DNA from a previous host cell to a new host cell 
D)  live bacterium picks up DNA from a dead bacterium 
E)  one bacterial cell dividing to form two bacterial cells

Question 14

Biological evolution (the evolution of living cells) differs from chemical evolution (the evolution of the molecules that make living cells) in that biological evolution would have been possible only after the development of

Accepted Answer

A)  a membrane. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  enzymes. 
D)  a metabolic pathway. 
E)  RNA and enzymes. 
A)  a membrane. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  enzymes. 
D)  a metabolic pathway. 
E)  RNA and enzymes.

Question 15

What feature enables the archaea to survive in harsh environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  their plasma membranes and cell walls 
B)  their metabolism 
C)  the ability to form multicellular organisms 
D)  their reproductive capabilities 
E)  their nucleus 
A)  their plasma membranes and cell walls 
B)  their metabolism 
C)  the ability to form multicellular organisms 
D)  their reproductive capabilities 
E)  their nucleus

Question 16

The plasma membrane of archaea is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following scientist(s) received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery that RNA can be both a substrate and an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  A. I. Oparin 
B)  Stanley Miller 
C)  Sidney Fox 
D)  Graham Cairns-Smith 
E)  Thomas Cech and Sidney Altman 
A)  A. I. Oparin 
B)  Stanley Miller 
C)  Sidney Fox 
D)  Graham Cairns-Smith 
E)  Thomas Cech and Sidney Altman

Question 18

Which statement is true about prion diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prions are believed to cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJ
D) . 
B)  Prions are misshapen proteins that cause other proteins to change shape. 
C)  Mad cow disease (BS
E)  is spread by consumption of cattle feed contaminated with prions. 
D)  The buildup of these abnormal proteins cause a loss of neurons. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about prions. 
A)  Prions are believed to cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJ
D) . 
B)  Prions are misshapen proteins that cause other proteins to change shape. 
C)  Mad cow disease (BS
E)  is spread by consumption of cattle feed contaminated with prions. 
D)  The buildup of these abnormal proteins cause a loss of neurons. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about prions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria but not viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are acellular. 
B)  They are obligate parasites. 
C)  They can be synthesized from chemicals in the laboratory. 
D)  They can contain DNA or RNA. 
E)  Diseases caused by them may be treatable with antibiotics. 
A)  They are acellular. 
B)  They are obligate parasites. 
C)  They can be synthesized from chemicals in the laboratory. 
D)  They can contain DNA or RNA. 
E)  Diseases caused by them may be treatable with antibiotics.

Question 20

One bacterial cell passes DNA to a second cell through a sex pilus in the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  conjugation. 
D)  infection. 
E)  replication. 
A)  transformation. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  conjugation. 
D)  infection. 
E)  replication.

Exam 28: Microbiology

Which of these is the most accurate description of a virus?

Which of the following is a true statement about protobionts (protocells)?

Which of the following associations is correct?

Liposomes are composed of

Which statement is true about cyanobacteria?

Proteinaceous infectious particles that cause degenerative diseases of the nervous system in humans and other animals are called

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or "mad cow disease," is caused by a(n)

If a virus is latent

What form of energy did the electric spark in the Miller-Urey experiment simulate?

The life cycle stage of an animal virus during which a mature capsid forms around copies of the viral RNA genome is

Which of the following is the correct order, from simple to complex, showing the origin of life?

Which relationship is correct?

Which of the following describes the process of transformation?

Biological evolution (the evolution of living cells) differs from chemical evolution (the evolution of the molecules that make living cells) in that biological evolution would have been possible only after the development of

What feature enables the archaea to survive in harsh environments?

The plasma membrane of archaea is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

Which of the following scientist(s) received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery that RNA can be both a substrate and an enzyme?

Which statement is true about prion diseases?

Which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria but not viruses?

One bacterial cell passes DNA to a second cell through a sex pilus in the process of

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