Question 1

Which of the following is true about viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  The genome may be DNA or RNA. 
B)  The nucleic acid may be single or double stranded. 
C)  Viruses exhibit host specificity. 
D)  Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about viruses. 
A)  The genome may be DNA or RNA. 
B)  The nucleic acid may be single or double stranded. 
C)  Viruses exhibit host specificity. 
D)  Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about viruses.

Question 2

Pathogenic bacteria are becoming increasingly deadly because

Accepted Answer

A)  humans do not wash their hands frequently enough. 
B)  antibiotic resistance is becoming more and more common due to humans taking unnecessary antibiotics. 
C)  they pick up genes from humans, allowing them to fool human body cells into thinking that they are harmless. 
D)  humans lose their natural immunity to many pathogens through lack of exposure. 
E)  there is an increasing number of side effects from antibiotics. 
A)  humans do not wash their hands frequently enough. 
B)  antibiotic resistance is becoming more and more common due to humans taking unnecessary antibiotics. 
C)  they pick up genes from humans, allowing them to fool human body cells into thinking that they are harmless. 
D)  humans lose their natural immunity to many pathogens through lack of exposure. 
E)  there is an increasing number of side effects from antibiotics.

Question 3

The hypothesis that RNA and polypeptides evolved simultaneously was proposed by

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller. 
B)  Alexander Cairns-Smith. 
C)  Charles Darwin. 
D)  Gunter Wachtershauser 
E)  Sidney Fox. 
A)  Stanley Miller. 
B)  Alexander Cairns-Smith. 
C)  Charles Darwin. 
D)  Gunter Wachtershauser 
E)  Sidney Fox.

Question 4

The synthesis of DNA or RNA from the organic soup would have been guided by the actions of enzymes in the

Accepted Answer

A)  protein-first hypothesis. 
B)  RNA-first hypothesis. 
C)  clay-catalyst hypothesis. 
D)  DNA-first hypothesis. 
A)  protein-first hypothesis. 
B)  RNA-first hypothesis. 
C)  clay-catalyst hypothesis. 
D)  DNA-first hypothesis.

Question 5

Which statement is true about bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria contain a nucleus. 
B)  Bacteria lack ribosomes. 
C)  Bacteria usually lack a cell wall. 
D)  Bacteria only reproduce sexually. 
E)  Bacteria contain a single, circular chromosome. 
A)  Bacteria contain a nucleus. 
B)  Bacteria lack ribosomes. 
C)  Bacteria usually lack a cell wall. 
D)  Bacteria only reproduce sexually. 
E)  Bacteria contain a single, circular chromosome.

Question 6

Microbiology is the study of microbes. Which of the following is considered a microbe?

Accepted Answer

A)  archae 
B)  protists 
C)  viroids 
D)  bacteria 
E)  All of the answer choices are microbes. 
A)  archae 
B)  protists 
C)  viroids 
D)  bacteria 
E)  All of the answer choices are microbes.

Question 7

What differentiates Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  the type of DNA or RNA they contain 
B)  their ability or lack of ability to fix nitrogen 
C)  whether they are aerobic or anaerobic 
D)  whether their cell walls have a thin or thick layer of peptidoglycan 
E)  their specific rRNA sequences 
A)  the type of DNA or RNA they contain 
B)  their ability or lack of ability to fix nitrogen 
C)  whether they are aerobic or anaerobic 
D)  whether their cell walls have a thin or thick layer of peptidoglycan 
E)  their specific rRNA sequences

Question 8

Which of the following is considered a method of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  binary fission only 
B)  transformation and binary fission 
C)  conjugation and budding 
D)  transduction and conjugation only 
E)  conjugation, transformation, and transduction 
A)  binary fission only 
B)  transformation and binary fission 
C)  conjugation and budding 
D)  transduction and conjugation only 
E)  conjugation, transformation, and transduction

Question 9

Naked strands of RNA not covered by a capsid are

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea. 
B)  retroviruses. 
C)  viroids. 
D)  prions. 
E)  viruses. 
A)  archaea. 
B)  retroviruses. 
C)  viroids. 
D)  prions. 
E)  viruses.

Question 10

Which type of organism will form endospores when faced with unfavorable environmental conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses 
B)  bacteria 
C)  algae 
D)  protozoans 
E)  viroids 
A)  viruses 
B)  bacteria 
C)  algae 
D)  protozoans 
E)  viroids

Question 11

Which of the following describes the archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)  methanogens 
B)  halophiles 
C)  thermoacidophiles 
D)  prokaryotes 
E)  All of the answer choices describe the archaea. 
A)  methanogens 
B)  halophiles 
C)  thermoacidophiles 
D)  prokaryotes 
E)  All of the answer choices describe the archaea.

Question 12

The protein-first hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)  is supported by the discovery that RNA can act as a catalyst. 
B)  is supported by the fact that RNA can act as a substrate and as an enzyme. 
C)  suggests it was an "RNA world" about 4 billion years ago. 
D)  suggests that only RNA was needed to progress to the formation of the first cells. 
E)  suggests that sophisticated enzymes with the ability to synthesize DNA and RNA arose first from small molecules provided by the ocean. 
A)  is supported by the discovery that RNA can act as a catalyst. 
B)  is supported by the fact that RNA can act as a substrate and as an enzyme. 
C)  suggests it was an "RNA world" about 4 billion years ago. 
D)  suggests that only RNA was needed to progress to the formation of the first cells. 
E)  suggests that sophisticated enzymes with the ability to synthesize DNA and RNA arose first from small molecules provided by the ocean.

Question 13

Which feature is lacking in the cell wall of archaea that will distinguish them from the bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidoglycan 
B)  phospholipids 
C)  proteins 
D)  polysaccharides 
E)  None of the answer choices are lacking in the cell walls of the archaea. 
A)  peptidoglycan 
B)  phospholipids 
C)  proteins 
D)  polysaccharides 
E)  None of the answer choices are lacking in the cell walls of the archaea.

Question 14

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch tradesman and scientist who is famous for inventing the microscope.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Antibiotics are used to treat

Accepted Answer

A)  viral infections. 
B)  bacterial infections. 
C)  viroid infections. 
D)  prion infections. 
E)  fungal infections. 
A)  viral infections. 
B)  bacterial infections. 
C)  viroid infections. 
D)  prion infections. 
E)  fungal infections.

Question 16

Which of the following terms would describe a chain of rod-shaped bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  staphylococcus 
B)  streptospirilli 
C)  diplobacilli 
D)  streptococcus 
E)  streptobacilli 
A)  staphylococcus 
B)  streptospirilli 
C)  diplobacilli 
D)  streptococcus 
E)  streptobacilli

Question 17

Which of the following molecules is thought to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere of early Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  water vapor (H2O) 
B)  methane (CH4) 
C)  hydrogen (H2) 
D)  oxygen (O2) 
E)  nitrogen (N2) 
A)  water vapor (H2O) 
B)  methane (CH4) 
C)  hydrogen (H2) 
D)  oxygen (O2) 
E)  nitrogen (N2)

Question 18

List the four stages that are thought to have led to the formation of the first cells.

Accepted Answer

Stage 1: Organic monomers evolved from i

Question 19

Which of the following groups has a membrane composed of a monolayer of lipids with branched side chains that helps some members of the group tolerate acid and heat?

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea 
B)  bacteria 
C)  fungi 
D)  prions 
E)  viruses 
A)  archaea 
B)  bacteria 
C)  fungi 
D)  prions 
E)  viruses

Question 20

A virus carries a piece of bacteria DNA from one bacterium to another in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  conjugation. 
D)  infection. 
E)  replication. 
A)  transformation. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  conjugation. 
D)  infection. 
E)  replication.

Exam 28: Microbiology

Which of the following is true about viruses?

Pathogenic bacteria are becoming increasingly deadly because

The hypothesis that RNA and polypeptides evolved simultaneously was proposed by

The synthesis of DNA or RNA from the organic soup would have been guided by the actions of enzymes in the

Which statement is true about bacteria?

Microbiology is the study of microbes. Which of the following is considered a microbe?

What differentiates Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Which of the following is considered a method of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Naked strands of RNA not covered by a capsid are

Which type of organism will form endospores when faced with unfavorable environmental conditions?

Which of the following describes the archaea?

The protein-first hypothesis

Which feature is lacking in the cell wall of archaea that will distinguish them from the bacteria?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch tradesman and scientist who is famous for inventing the microscope.

Antibiotics are used to treat

Which of the following terms would describe a chain of rod-shaped bacterial cells?

Which of the following molecules is thought to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere of early Earth?

List the four stages that are thought to have led to the formation of the first cells.

Which of the following groups has a membrane composed of a monolayer of lipids with branched side chains that helps some members of the group tolerate acid and heat?

A virus carries a piece of bacteria DNA from one bacterium to another in a process called

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