Question 1

It is advantageous to have a bladder because it

Accepted Answer

A)  helps with defecation. 
B)  is a place where white cells attack bacteria. 
C)  stores urine to prevent constant urination. 
D)  transports urine to the outside of the body. 
E)  filters wastes and recycles nutrients back into the bloodstream. 
A)  helps with defecation. 
B)  is a place where white cells attack bacteria. 
C)  stores urine to prevent constant urination. 
D)  transports urine to the outside of the body. 
E)  filters wastes and recycles nutrients back into the bloodstream.

Question 2

An increased amount of ADH leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased amount of urine. 
B)  a decreased amount of urine. 
C)  no change in the amount of urine. 
D)  kidney failure. 
E)  a decreased amount of filtrate. 
A)  an increased amount of urine. 
B)  a decreased amount of urine. 
C)  no change in the amount of urine. 
D)  kidney failure. 
E)  a decreased amount of filtrate.

Question 3

The loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)

Accepted Answer

A)  is necessary for glucose reabsorption. 
B)  creates a low osmotic pressure in the medulla. 
C)  creates a high osmotic pressure in the medulla. 
D)  creates a low osmotic pressure in the cortex. 
E)  creates a high osmotic pressure in the cortex. 
A)  is necessary for glucose reabsorption. 
B)  creates a low osmotic pressure in the medulla. 
C)  creates a high osmotic pressure in the medulla. 
D)  creates a low osmotic pressure in the cortex. 
E)  creates a high osmotic pressure in the cortex.

Question 4

Why do physicians prescribe diuretic drugs to patients with high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and increase the blood volume that must be pumped. 
B)  Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and decrease the blood volume that must be pumped. 
C)  Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the kidney does not have to work as hard. 
D)  Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and speed up the loss of nitrogenous wastes. 
E)  Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and the removal of salt from the body. 
A)  Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and increase the blood volume that must be pumped. 
B)  Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and decrease the blood volume that must be pumped. 
C)  Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the kidney does not have to work as hard. 
D)  Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and speed up the loss of nitrogenous wastes. 
E)  Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and the removal of salt from the body.

Question 5

Why is glucose, which is normally found in the glomerular filtrate, absent from the urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  The kidney stores glucose as glycogen. 
B)  Kidney cells require glucose because energy is needed for active transport. 
C)  Glucose is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. 
D)  Glucose is converted to amino acids in the kidney. 
E)  Glucose molecules are too large to pass through the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle). 
A)  The kidney stores glucose as glycogen. 
B)  Kidney cells require glucose because energy is needed for active transport. 
C)  Glucose is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. 
D)  Glucose is converted to amino acids in the kidney. 
E)  Glucose molecules are too large to pass through the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle).

Question 6

Normally, concentrations of wastes, such as urea, are

Accepted Answer

A)  high in urine in comparison to plasma. 
B)  high in the filtrate but low in urine. 
C)  in trace amounts in urine but are high in blood. 
D)  not in the filtrate but are present in low concentrations in the urine. 
E)  only found in the excretory organs where they originate from metabolism. 
A)  high in urine in comparison to plasma. 
B)  high in the filtrate but low in urine. 
C)  in trace amounts in urine but are high in blood. 
D)  not in the filtrate but are present in low concentrations in the urine. 
E)  only found in the excretory organs where they originate from metabolism.

Question 7

How does the urinary system contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  excretion of metabolic wastes 
B)  maintenance of water-salt balance 
C)  maintenance of acid-base balance 
D)  secretion of hormones 
E)  All of the answer choices are ways the urinary systems helps maintain homeostasis. 
A)  excretion of metabolic wastes 
B)  maintenance of water-salt balance 
C)  maintenance of acid-base balance 
D)  secretion of hormones 
E)  All of the answer choices are ways the urinary systems helps maintain homeostasis.

Question 8

Urine contains substances that underwent pressure filtration and substances that underwent tubular secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the glomerulus is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure primarily accounts for filtration. 
B)  It is composed of capillaries. 
C)  It is connected to arterioles at both ends. 
D)  It is surrounded by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  Blood pressure primarily accounts for filtration. 
B)  It is composed of capillaries. 
C)  It is connected to arterioles at both ends. 
D)  It is surrounded by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 10

Tubular secretion allows hydrogen ions, creatinine, and penicillin to be excreted in the distal convoluted tubule. How are these molecules moved across?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid pressure 
B)  passive diffusion 
C)  osmosis 
D)  active transport 
E)  reverse reabsorption 
A)  fluid pressure 
B)  passive diffusion 
C)  osmosis 
D)  active transport 
E)  reverse reabsorption

Question 11

Albumin is the large protein molecule found in egg white and blood plasma. Table salt dissociates into sodium and chloride ions. Urea is assembled in the liver. In a healthy person, what is the fate of the majority of these molecules as they pass through a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  All three remain in the bloodstream. 
B)  All three pass across to the glomerular capsule and are excreted in urine. 
C)  All three pass across to the glomerular capsule, but the salt ions are mostly reabsorbed. 
D)  Albumin remains in the blood; salt ions and urea are passed across and excreted. 
E)  Albumin remains in the blood, salt ions pass across but are reabsorbed, and the urea is passed across and excreted. 
A)  All three remain in the bloodstream. 
B)  All three pass across to the glomerular capsule and are excreted in urine. 
C)  All three pass across to the glomerular capsule, but the salt ions are mostly reabsorbed. 
D)  Albumin remains in the blood; salt ions and urea are passed across and excreted. 
E)  Albumin remains in the blood, salt ions pass across but are reabsorbed, and the urea is passed across and excreted.

Question 12

High blood pressure causes the kidneys to secrete aldosterone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Nitrogenous wastes are produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  the breakdown of complex sugars. 
B)  salts that are not incorporated in cellular metabolism. 
C)  the production of proteins. 
D)  the breakdown of proteins. 
E)  the production of nucleic acids. 
A)  the breakdown of complex sugars. 
B)  salts that are not incorporated in cellular metabolism. 
C)  the production of proteins. 
D)  the breakdown of proteins. 
E)  the production of nucleic acids.

Question 14

Currently, the one-year survival rate following a kidney transplant is 95-98%.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Urine excreted from the body should be sterile.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The physical principle upon which kidney dialysis is based is

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  heat transfer. 
D)  hydrogen ion transfer. 
E)  pinocytosis. 
A)  active transport. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  heat transfer. 
D)  hydrogen ion transfer. 
E)  pinocytosis.

Question 17

The kidney has three regions: the renal pelvis, the renal atria, and the renal ventricle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The respiratory system, like the urinary system, is able to rid the body of a wide variety of acidic and basic substances, thereby directly adjusting the pH of the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

Accepted Answer

A)  returns material to the blood. 
B)  filters material from the blood. 
C)  makes urea. 
D)  contains urine in its final state. 
E)  reabsorbs materials not to be excreted. 
A)  returns material to the blood. 
B)  filters material from the blood. 
C)  makes urea. 
D)  contains urine in its final state. 
E)  reabsorbs materials not to be excreted.

Question 20

The kidney was one of the first organs to be successfully transplanted because it is so encapsulated and has limited vessels feeding into or out of it. How many major vessels must be cut during transplant surgery for one kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  two: the renal artery and vein 
B)  three: the renal artery and vein and one urethra 
C)  three: the renal artery and vein and one ureter 
D)  four: the renal artery and vein and the ureter and urethra 
E)  five: the renal artery and vein, two ureters and one urethra 
A)  two: the renal artery and vein 
B)  three: the renal artery and vein and one urethra 
C)  three: the renal artery and vein and one ureter 
D)  four: the renal artery and vein and the ureter and urethra 
E)  five: the renal artery and vein, two ureters and one urethra

Exam 16: Urinary System and Excretion

It is advantageous to have a bladder because it

An increased amount of ADH leads to

The loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)

Why do physicians prescribe diuretic drugs to patients with high blood pressure?

Why is glucose, which is normally found in the glomerular filtrate, absent from the urine?

Normally, concentrations of wastes, such as urea, are

How does the urinary system contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis?

Urine contains substances that underwent pressure filtration and substances that underwent tubular secretion.

Which of the following statements about the glomerulus is/are correct?

Tubular secretion allows hydrogen ions, creatinine, and penicillin to be excreted in the distal convoluted tubule. How are these molecules moved across?

Albumin is the large protein molecule found in egg white and blood plasma. Table salt dissociates into sodium and chloride ions. Urea is assembled in the liver. In a healthy person, what is the fate of the majority of these molecules as they pass through a nephron?

High blood pressure causes the kidneys to secrete aldosterone.

Nitrogenous wastes are produced by

Currently, the one-year survival rate following a kidney transplant is 95-98%.

Urine excreted from the body should be sterile.

The physical principle upon which kidney dialysis is based is

The kidney has three regions: the renal pelvis, the renal atria, and the renal ventricle.

The respiratory system, like the urinary system, is able to rid the body of a wide variety of acidic and basic substances, thereby directly adjusting the pH of the blood.

The glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

The kidney was one of the first organs to be successfully transplanted because it is so encapsulated and has limited vessels feeding into or out of it. How many major vessels must be cut during transplant surgery for one kidney?

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