Question 1

Which of the following is the main difference between the urinary system of males and females?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men have two urethras, while women have only one urethra. 
B)  The urethra is shorter in females. 
C)  Men have longer ureters than females. 
D)  Kidneys tend to be larger in females. 
E)  The female urethra passes through the prostate gland. 
A)  Men have two urethras, while women have only one urethra. 
B)  The urethra is shorter in females. 
C)  Men have longer ureters than females. 
D)  Kidneys tend to be larger in females. 
E)  The female urethra passes through the prostate gland.

Question 2

Describe the four major functions of the urinary system.

Accepted Answer

1. Excretion of metabolic wastes. The ki

Question 3

Smoking may increase your risk of lung cancer, but it does not affect the risk of bladder cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  monitoring and maintaining blood pH at about 7.4 
B)  regulating blood pressure by regulating salt balance in the blood 
C)  elimination of nitrogenous wastes including urea, uric acid, and creatinine 
D)  hormone secretion to stimulate red blood cell production and regulate sodium ion levels 
E)  All of the answer choices describe functions of the urinary system. 
A)  monitoring and maintaining blood pH at about 7.4 
B)  regulating blood pressure by regulating salt balance in the blood 
C)  elimination of nitrogenous wastes including urea, uric acid, and creatinine 
D)  hormone secretion to stimulate red blood cell production and regulate sodium ion levels 
E)  All of the answer choices describe functions of the urinary system.

Question 5

The microscopic anatomical unit of excretion found in the kidney is the

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron. 
B)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  alveoli. 
E)  microvilli. 
A)  nephron. 
B)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  alveoli. 
E)  microvilli.

Question 6

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste product? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  erythropoietin 
B)  urea 
C)  uric acid 
D)  bile pigments 
E)  creatinine 
A)  erythropoietin 
B)  urea 
C)  uric acid 
D)  bile pigments 
E)  creatinine

Question 7

The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra. 
B)  ureter. 
C)  collecting duct. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  loop of the nephron (loop of Henle). 
A)  urethra. 
B)  ureter. 
C)  collecting duct. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  loop of the nephron (loop of Henle).

Question 8

The portion of the kidney which is continuous with the ureter is the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal cortex. 
B)  renal medulla. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  renal pelvis. 
E)  nephron. 
A)  renal cortex. 
B)  renal medulla. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  renal pelvis. 
E)  nephron.

Question 9

On average, a healthy adult human produces 10-20 liters of urine per day.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

How many openings does the bladder have?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
E)  five 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
E)  five

Question 11

There is an osmotic gradient within the tissues of the renal medulla: the concentration of salt is greater in the direction of the inner medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)  prostate enlargement-decreased urethral flow 
B)  cystitis-nephron damage 
C)  pyelonephritis-granules in the renal pelvis 
D)  uremia-bladder infection 
E)  kidney stones-urethral infection 
A)  prostate enlargement-decreased urethral flow 
B)  cystitis-nephron damage 
C)  pyelonephritis-granules in the renal pelvis 
D)  uremia-bladder infection 
E)  kidney stones-urethral infection

Question 13

In order to buffer the acidity of the blood, when would hydrogen ions need be excreted and bicarbonate ions be reabsorbed?

Accepted Answer

A)  only when the lung system is not working 
B)  when the blood is acidic 
C)  when the blood is basic 
D)  when the blood is neutral pH, which is not normal 
E)  The kidney never excretes or reabsorbs hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. 
A)  only when the lung system is not working 
B)  when the blood is acidic 
C)  when the blood is basic 
D)  when the blood is neutral pH, which is not normal 
E)  The kidney never excretes or reabsorbs hydrogen and bicarbonate ions.

Question 14

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

Accepted Answer

A)  less water passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule. 
B)  more water is driven from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule than normal. 
C)  more salt is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  an increase in sodium ions causes more nerve stimulation and triggers urination. 
E)  increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood. 
A)  less water passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule. 
B)  more water is driven from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule than normal. 
C)  more salt is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  an increase in sodium ions causes more nerve stimulation and triggers urination. 
E)  increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood.

Question 15

ADH

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases the permeability of the collecting duct. 
B)  decreases water reabsorption. 
C)  increases urine volume. 
D)  is secreted by the adrenal gland. 
E)  is released in greater quantities on hot days when you sweat. 
A)  decreases the permeability of the collecting duct. 
B)  decreases water reabsorption. 
C)  increases urine volume. 
D)  is secreted by the adrenal gland. 
E)  is released in greater quantities on hot days when you sweat.

Question 16

The overall effect of renin release will be to

Accepted Answer

A)  lower blood pressure. 
B)  lower blood volume. 
C)  convert angiotensin II into angiotensin I. 
D)  inhibit aldosterone secretion. 
E)  increase blood pressure. 
A)  lower blood pressure. 
B)  lower blood volume. 
C)  convert angiotensin II into angiotensin I. 
D)  inhibit aldosterone secretion. 
E)  increase blood pressure.

Question 17

The prostate gland in older men may block the flow of fluid in the

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter. 
B)  urethra. 
C)  collecting tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  renal vein. 
A)  ureter. 
B)  urethra. 
C)  collecting tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  renal vein.

Question 18

The concentration of protein in the blood is higher in postglomerular blood as compared with that in arterial blood because

Accepted Answer

A)  protein is digested in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. 
B)  the kidney manufactures protein. 
C)  reabsorption of protein occurs. 
D)  as water passes into the capsule, the concentration of protein in the blood will increase. 
E)  water is a small molecule. 
A)  protein is digested in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. 
B)  the kidney manufactures protein. 
C)  reabsorption of protein occurs. 
D)  as water passes into the capsule, the concentration of protein in the blood will increase. 
E)  water is a small molecule.

Question 19

Damage to the nephrons can lead to uremia, which is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  blood cells in the urine. 
B)  urea in the blood. 
C)  edema. 
D)  ionic imbalance. 
E)  excessive urine. 
A)  blood cells in the urine. 
B)  urea in the blood. 
C)  edema. 
D)  ionic imbalance. 
E)  excessive urine.

Question 20

Where would the blood be most viscous (least fluid) as it passes through the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  before the glomerulus 
B)  after passing through the glomerulus but before reaching the loop of nephron 
C)  after the loop of nephron 
D)  equally viscous at all points in the human body, including the kidney nephrons 
E)  in the renal vein 
A)  before the glomerulus 
B)  after passing through the glomerulus but before reaching the loop of nephron 
C)  after the loop of nephron 
D)  equally viscous at all points in the human body, including the kidney nephrons 
E)  in the renal vein

Exam 16: Urinary System and Excretion

Which of the following is the main difference between the urinary system of males and females?

Describe the four major functions of the urinary system.

Smoking may increase your risk of lung cancer, but it does not affect the risk of bladder cancer.

Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

The microscopic anatomical unit of excretion found in the kidney is the

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste product? Check all that apply.

The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the

The portion of the kidney which is continuous with the ureter is the

On average, a healthy adult human produces 10-20 liters of urine per day.

How many openings does the bladder have?

There is an osmotic gradient within the tissues of the renal medulla: the concentration of salt is greater in the direction of the inner medulla.

Which of the following is correctly matched?

In order to buffer the acidity of the blood, when would hydrogen ions need be excreted and bicarbonate ions be reabsorbed?

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

ADH

The overall effect of renin release will be to

The prostate gland in older men may block the flow of fluid in the

The concentration of protein in the blood is higher in postglomerular blood as compared with that in arterial blood because

Damage to the nephrons can lead to uremia, which is characterized by

Where would the blood be most viscous (least fluid) as it passes through the kidney?

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