Question 1

Phylogeny refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  development of an organism. 
B)  evolutionary history of a species. 
C)  taxonomic hierarchies of cladistics. 
D)  reproductive isolation of species. 
E)  naming of organisms. 
A)  development of an organism. 
B)  evolutionary history of a species. 
C)  taxonomic hierarchies of cladistics. 
D)  reproductive isolation of species. 
E)  naming of organisms.

Question 2

Summarize the four main observations that make up Darwin's theory of natural selection.

Accepted Answer

1. Individual organisms within a species

Question 3

All living organisms share characteristics such as DNA, the molecule that passes information between generations; metabolic processes like glycolysis; and the ability to utilize specific energy sources. This is thought to be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  a common ancestor. 
B)  limited environmental stimuli. 
C)  the presence of transitional forms. 
D)  postzygotic isolation. 
E)  prezygotic isolation. 
A)  a common ancestor. 
B)  limited environmental stimuli. 
C)  the presence of transitional forms. 
D)  postzygotic isolation. 
E)  prezygotic isolation.

Question 4

Which of the following describes allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene flow between subpopulations minimizes differences in their gene pools. 
B)  A single population suddenly divides into two reproductively isolated groups without being geographically isolated. 
C)  A geographic separation occurs between subpopulations leading to reproductive isolation. 
D)  Wide phenotypic differences that appear between subpopulations due to variation in their environments. 
E)  Subpopulations that are geographically isolated but still able to interbreed. 
A)  Gene flow between subpopulations minimizes differences in their gene pools. 
B)  A single population suddenly divides into two reproductively isolated groups without being geographically isolated. 
C)  A geographic separation occurs between subpopulations leading to reproductive isolation. 
D)  Wide phenotypic differences that appear between subpopulations due to variation in their environments. 
E)  Subpopulations that are geographically isolated but still able to interbreed.

Question 5

Two populations of insects interbreed, producing fertile offspring. Due to glacial activity, the two populations become isolated. Many years later, the populations are reunited but they no longer mate at the same time, nor can they produce fertile offspring. These insects

Accepted Answer

A)  began as one species and therefore remain one species. 
B)  were originally two species and remain two species. 
C)  were originally two species but are now one species. 
D)  were originally one species but are now two species. 
E)  The number of species cannot be determined from the information given. 
A)  began as one species and therefore remain one species. 
B)  were originally two species and remain two species. 
C)  were originally two species but are now one species. 
D)  were originally one species but are now two species. 
E)  The number of species cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 6

For natural selection to act on a population, there must be

Accepted Answer

A)  variation among members of the population. 
B)  more offspring born than the environment can support. 
C)  some members of the population that have greater reproductive success. 
D)  variation that is heritable. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe requirements for natural selection. 
A)  variation among members of the population. 
B)  more offspring born than the environment can support. 
C)  some members of the population that have greater reproductive success. 
D)  variation that is heritable. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe requirements for natural selection.

Question 7

The model of evolution that proposes rapid periods of speciation followed by long periods of stasis is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic drift. 
B)  phyletic gradualism. 
C)  sympatric speciation. 
D)  punctuated equilibrium. 
E)  the biological species concept. 
A)  genetic drift. 
B)  phyletic gradualism. 
C)  sympatric speciation. 
D)  punctuated equilibrium. 
E)  the biological species concept.

Question 8

Which of the following is the only source of new variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  mutation 
D)  nonrandom reproduction 
E)  natural selection 
A)  gene flow 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  mutation 
D)  nonrandom reproduction 
E)  natural selection

Question 9

What information is contained in the branches of a cladogram?

Accepted Answer

A)  a current species and its descendants 
B)  a recent common ancestor and two outgroups 
C)  a recent common ancestor and all of its descendants 
D)  all of the potential ancestors of a group 
E)  all species classified in a particular genus 
A)  a current species and its descendants 
B)  a recent common ancestor and two outgroups 
C)  a recent common ancestor and all of its descendants 
D)  all of the potential ancestors of a group 
E)  all species classified in a particular genus

Question 10

What evidence would be studied by a biogeographer?

Accepted Answer

A)  continental drift or the movement of tectonic plates over time 
B)  amount of genetic similarity among current populations 
C)  ocean currents and wind patterns 
D)  ranges of animals and ability to migrate 
E)  All of the answer choices describe evidence that would be studied by a biogeographer. 
A)  continental drift or the movement of tectonic plates over time 
B)  amount of genetic similarity among current populations 
C)  ocean currents and wind patterns 
D)  ranges of animals and ability to migrate 
E)  All of the answer choices describe evidence that would be studied by a biogeographer.

Question 11

If there is gene flow between two adjacent populations of the same species, they will

Accepted Answer

A)  have similar gene pools. 
B)  become genetically isolated from each other. 
C)  develop into different species. 
D)  experience directional selection. 
E)  merge into one population. 
A)  have similar gene pools. 
B)  become genetically isolated from each other. 
C)  develop into different species. 
D)  experience directional selection. 
E)  merge into one population.

Question 12

The idea that population growth is kept in check because an environment can support only a limited number of people was formulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller. 
B)  Charles Lyell. 
C)  Thomas Malthus. 
D)  Charles Darwin. 
E)  Alfred Wallace. 
A)  Stanley Miller. 
B)  Charles Lyell. 
C)  Thomas Malthus. 
D)  Charles Darwin. 
E)  Alfred Wallace.

Question 13

If a population goes from an allele frequency of 0.12 A & 0.88 a to 0.23 A & 0.77 a in the course of seven generations, we can conclude the population is evolving.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

If the frequency of the dominant gene is 0.7, what is the frequency of the recessive gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.7 
B)  0.49 
C)  0.27 
D)  0.3 
E)  0.14 
A)  0.7 
B)  0.49 
C)  0.27 
D)  0.3 
E)  0.14

Question 15

Homologous structures such as the bones in wings, flippers, and arms are most closely concerned with

Accepted Answer

A)  comparative anatomy. 
B)  biogeography. 
C)  the fossil record. 
D)  comparative embryology. 
E)  comparative biochemistry. 
A)  comparative anatomy. 
B)  biogeography. 
C)  the fossil record. 
D)  comparative embryology. 
E)  comparative biochemistry.

Question 16

Name the isolating mechanisms that exist within nature and indicate which ones are prezygotic and which ones are postzygotic.

Accepted Answer

Prezygotic: habitat isolation,

Question 17

In a population, freckles is inherited as a dominant trait. Individuals that are homozygous recessive lack freckles. If 1% of the population lacks freckles, and the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus, what percentage of the next generation will lack freckles?

Accepted Answer

A)  None, since it is a recessive condition. 
B)  1% 
C)  2% 
D)  50% 
E)  99% 
A)  None, since it is a recessive condition. 
B)  1% 
C)  2% 
D)  50% 
E)  99%

Question 18

If all the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met

Accepted Answer

A)  then a population becomes better adapted to an unchanging environment. 
B)  then a population becomes better adapted to a changing environment. 
C)  this indicates allele frequencies are changing but the population is not adapting. 
D)  there is no evolution because the allele frequencies remain the same. 
E)  there is no evolution because the allele frequencies in the population are changing. 
A)  then a population becomes better adapted to an unchanging environment. 
B)  then a population becomes better adapted to a changing environment. 
C)  this indicates allele frequencies are changing but the population is not adapting. 
D)  there is no evolution because the allele frequencies remain the same. 
E)  there is no evolution because the allele frequencies in the population are changing.

Question 19

According to the proposed three-domain system,

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea and eukarya are more closely related than either is to the bacteria. 
B)  archaea and bacteria are more closely related than either is to the eukarya. 
C)  bacteria and eukarya are more closely related than either is to the archaea. 
D)  all three groups arose separately. 
E)  All three groups are equally related. 
A)  archaea and eukarya are more closely related than either is to the bacteria. 
B)  archaea and bacteria are more closely related than either is to the eukarya. 
C)  bacteria and eukarya are more closely related than either is to the archaea. 
D)  all three groups arose separately. 
E)  All three groups are equally related.

Exam 27: Evolution of Life

Phylogeny refers to the

Summarize the four main observations that make up Darwin's theory of natural selection.

All living organisms share characteristics such as DNA, the molecule that passes information between generations; metabolic processes like glycolysis; and the ability to utilize specific energy sources. This is thought to be due to

Which of the following describes allopatric speciation?

Two populations of insects interbreed, producing fertile offspring. Due to glacial activity, the two populations become isolated. Many years later, the populations are reunited but they no longer mate at the same time, nor can they produce fertile offspring. These insects

For natural selection to act on a population, there must be

The model of evolution that proposes rapid periods of speciation followed by long periods of stasis is known as

Which of the following is the only source of new variation in a population?

What information is contained in the branches of a cladogram?

What evidence would be studied by a biogeographer?

If there is gene flow between two adjacent populations of the same species, they will

The idea that population growth is kept in check because an environment can support only a limited number of people was formulated by

If a population goes from an allele frequency of 0.12 A & 0.88 a to 0.23 A & 0.77 a in the course of seven generations, we can conclude the population is evolving.

If the frequency of the dominant gene is 0.7, what is the frequency of the recessive gene?

Homologous structures such as the bones in wings, flippers, and arms are most closely concerned with

Name the isolating mechanisms that exist within nature and indicate which ones are prezygotic and which ones are postzygotic.

In a population, freckles is inherited as a dominant trait. Individuals that are homozygous recessive lack freckles. If 1% of the population lacks freckles, and the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus, what percentage of the next generation will lack freckles?

If all the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met

According to the proposed three-domain system,

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