Question 1

When a natural disaster kills off a large proportion of the population, resulting in a severe reduction in the gene pool, it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection. 
B)  bottleneck effect. 
C)  founder effect. 
D)  gene flow. 
E)  directional selection. 
A)  natural selection. 
B)  bottleneck effect. 
C)  founder effect. 
D)  gene flow. 
E)  directional selection.

Question 2

Consider that the rock outcrops at the surface of the land in your neighborhood are Permian. What would be true if you dig downward?

Accepted Answer

A)  You may find dinosaur fossils below. 
B)  You may find fossils of first flowers. 
C)  The Mesozoic layers will be present underneath. 
D)  A road cut in your area would reveal exactly the same species of fossils as a road cut through a Permian layer in Asia. 
E)  You may find fossils of the first reptiles or jawed fishes below. 
A)  You may find dinosaur fossils below. 
B)  You may find fossils of first flowers. 
C)  The Mesozoic layers will be present underneath. 
D)  A road cut in your area would reveal exactly the same species of fossils as a road cut through a Permian layer in Asia. 
E)  You may find fossils of the first reptiles or jawed fishes below.

Question 3

Almost all living organisms use DNA, ATP, and enzymes. This is an example of evolution based on

Accepted Answer

A)  the fossil record. 
B)  biogeography. 
C)  comparative anatomy. 
D)  comparative embryology. 
E)  biochemistry. 
A)  the fossil record. 
B)  biogeography. 
C)  comparative anatomy. 
D)  comparative embryology. 
E)  biochemistry.

Question 4

How is variation maintained in population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heterozygotes serve as a reservoir of recessive alleles. 
B)  Mutation generates new alleles. 
C)  Recombination and independent assortment during gametogenesis creates variation. 
D)  Gene flow brings in new alleles. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe ways that variation is maintained within a population. 
A)  Heterozygotes serve as a reservoir of recessive alleles. 
B)  Mutation generates new alleles. 
C)  Recombination and independent assortment during gametogenesis creates variation. 
D)  Gene flow brings in new alleles. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe ways that variation is maintained within a population.

Question 5

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires

Accepted Answer

A)  no new mutations. 
B)  no migration of alleles into or out of the population. 
C)  a large population size. 
D)  a sexually reproducing population that mates randomly. 
E)  All of the answer choices are conditions that must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
A)  no new mutations. 
B)  no migration of alleles into or out of the population. 
C)  a large population size. 
D)  a sexually reproducing population that mates randomly. 
E)  All of the answer choices are conditions that must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Question 6

List the five conditions required for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

1. No mutations.
2.

Question 7

Africa, Asia, South America, and Antarctica share some patterns of primitive (fossil) plants and early reptiles, but do not have similar mammal populations. This therefore

Accepted Answer

A)  casts serious doubts upon the theory of continental drift and fused land masses. 
B)  is an unsolved puzzle probably due to the random nature of biological evolution. 
C)  suggests that a pattern of land bridges existed at different times in geological history. 
D)  suggests that the earlier plants and reptiles evolved while continents were joined but mammals radiated into diverse groups after separation. 
E)  suggests that the mammals evolved earlier while continents were joined but plants and reptiles radiated into diverse groups after separation. 
A)  casts serious doubts upon the theory of continental drift and fused land masses. 
B)  is an unsolved puzzle probably due to the random nature of biological evolution. 
C)  suggests that a pattern of land bridges existed at different times in geological history. 
D)  suggests that the earlier plants and reptiles evolved while continents were joined but mammals radiated into diverse groups after separation. 
E)  suggests that the mammals evolved earlier while continents were joined but plants and reptiles radiated into diverse groups after separation.

Question 8

The random alteration in a sequence of DNA nucleotides that provides a new variant of a gene is

Accepted Answer

A)  a gene mutation. 
B)  a polymorphism. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  disruptive selection. 
E)  stabilizing selection. 
A)  a gene mutation. 
B)  a polymorphism. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  disruptive selection. 
E)  stabilizing selection.

Question 9

In grassy fields, light-banded British land snails escape bird predators. In forested areas, the snails with darker shells have the advantage. What type of selection is at work?

Accepted Answer

A)  disruptive 
B)  directional 
C)  stabilizing 
D)  sexual 
E)  a combination of directional and disruptive 
A)  disruptive 
B)  directional 
C)  stabilizing 
D)  sexual 
E)  a combination of directional and disruptive

Question 10

The equation, p2 + 2 pq + q2 = 1.0, describes

Accepted Answer

A)  the process of evolution. 
B)  the size of a population. 
C)  the rate of speciation of species p and q. 
D)  genotypic frequencies of a nonevolving population. 
E)  evolution of a population. 
A)  the process of evolution. 
B)  the size of a population. 
C)  the rate of speciation of species p and q. 
D)  genotypic frequencies of a nonevolving population. 
E)  evolution of a population.

Question 11

Lamarck's ideas on evolution were adopted by some Russian scientists, including Lysenko. Russian textbooks printed Lysenko's assertion that workmen who develop strong muscles from working in the mines would produce children who would be born stronger. Which of the major elements of evolution by natural selection is violated by this assertion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organisms vary in traits. 
B)  Acquired characteristics are inherited. 
C)  More young are born than can survive. 
D)  Some individuals are better adapted to the environment. 
E)  The environment selects for phenotype. 
A)  Organisms vary in traits. 
B)  Acquired characteristics are inherited. 
C)  More young are born than can survive. 
D)  Some individuals are better adapted to the environment. 
E)  The environment selects for phenotype.

Question 12

During sympatric speciation

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution occurs at a very rapid rate. 
B)  phenotypic differences disappear between subpopulations. 
C)  reproductive isolation between subpopulations occurs without geographic isolation. 
D)  a geographic separation occurs between certain subpopulations which leads to reproductive isolation. 
E)  mutation rates are unusually high, leading to reproductive isolation between two subpopulations. 
A)  evolution occurs at a very rapid rate. 
B)  phenotypic differences disappear between subpopulations. 
C)  reproductive isolation between subpopulations occurs without geographic isolation. 
D)  a geographic separation occurs between certain subpopulations which leads to reproductive isolation. 
E)  mutation rates are unusually high, leading to reproductive isolation between two subpopulations.

Question 13

Lake Tanganyika, the oldest of the Great Ancient Lakes in East Africa, harbors about 250 species of cichlid fish which evolved from a single ancestor into a diverse group of species that each exploits the resources of the lake environment in a different way. The evolution of one species of cichlid into many species within Lake Tanganyika is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  convergent evolution. 
C)  disruptive selection. 
D)  stabilizing selection. 
E)  allopatric speciation. 
A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  convergent evolution. 
C)  disruptive selection. 
D)  stabilizing selection. 
E)  allopatric speciation.

Question 14

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic drift 
B)  founder effect 
C)  microevolution 
D)  directional selection 
E)  mutation rate 
A)  genetic drift 
B)  founder effect 
C)  microevolution 
D)  directional selection 
E)  mutation rate

Question 15

Movement of alleles between populations is called

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  gene flow. 
D)  nonrandom mating. 
E)  natural selection. 
A)  mutations. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  gene flow. 
D)  nonrandom mating. 
E)  natural selection.

Question 16

There are two species of larkspur that have two different size flowers; Delphinium decorum has large, fully opened flowers and Delphinium nudicaule has small bud, like flowers. These two species are both fertilized by insects, but they cannot be fertilized by the same type of insect because the smaller flower of D. nudicaule will not permit larger insects to reach the nectar of the flower and the larger flower of the D. decorum is typically fed on by larger insects. Which type of isolating mechanism would this be?

Accepted Answer

A)  postzygotic isolation 
B)  temporal isolation 
C)  behavioral isolation 
D)  habitat isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation 
A)  postzygotic isolation 
B)  temporal isolation 
C)  behavioral isolation 
D)  habitat isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation

Question 17

Which pairing of occurrence and date is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  origin of invertebrates-630 million years ago 
B)  origin of eukaryotic cells-2.1 billion years ago 
C)  origin of prokaryotic cells-3.5 billion years ago 
D)  chordate evolution-545 million years ago 
E)  All of the answers are correctly paired. 
A)  origin of invertebrates-630 million years ago 
B)  origin of eukaryotic cells-2.1 billion years ago 
C)  origin of prokaryotic cells-3.5 billion years ago 
D)  chordate evolution-545 million years ago 
E)  All of the answers are correctly paired.

Question 18

Lamarck's proposal of the inheritance of acquired characteristics included the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)  the continual stretching of giraffe's necks to reach leaves led to longer necks. 
B)  local catastrophes cause mass extinctions of species. 
C)  species are only produced through special creation. 
D)  species are fixed and unchanging over time. 
E)  organisms are acted on by the environment. 
A)  the continual stretching of giraffe's necks to reach leaves led to longer necks. 
B)  local catastrophes cause mass extinctions of species. 
C)  species are only produced through special creation. 
D)  species are fixed and unchanging over time. 
E)  organisms are acted on by the environment.

Question 19

According to the evolutionary theory

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution explains the unity of life. 
B)  evolution explains the diversity of life. 
C)  all living things are descended from a common ancestor. 
D)  adaption leads to diversity. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe aspects of the theory of evolution. 
A)  evolution explains the unity of life. 
B)  evolution explains the diversity of life. 
C)  all living things are descended from a common ancestor. 
D)  adaption leads to diversity. 
E)  All of the answer choices describe aspects of the theory of evolution.

Question 20

All the members of a single species that occupy a particular area and are able to interbreed are a

Accepted Answer

A)  subspecies. 
B)  gene pool. 
C)  population. 
D)  domain. 
E)  community. 
A)  subspecies. 
B)  gene pool. 
C)  population. 
D)  domain. 
E)  community.

Exam 27: Evolution of Life

When a natural disaster kills off a large proportion of the population, resulting in a severe reduction in the gene pool, it is called

Consider that the rock outcrops at the surface of the land in your neighborhood are Permian. What would be true if you dig downward?

Almost all living organisms use DNA, ATP, and enzymes. This is an example of evolution based on

How is variation maintained in population?

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires

List the five conditions required for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Africa, Asia, South America, and Antarctica share some patterns of primitive (fossil) plants and early reptiles, but do not have similar mammal populations. This therefore

The random alteration in a sequence of DNA nucleotides that provides a new variant of a gene is

In grassy fields, light-banded British land snails escape bird predators. In forested areas, the snails with darker shells have the advantage. What type of selection is at work?

The equation, p2 + 2 pq + q2 = 1.0, describes

During sympatric speciation

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time?

Movement of alleles between populations is called

Which pairing of occurrence and date is correct?

Lamarck's proposal of the inheritance of acquired characteristics included the idea that

According to the evolutionary theory

All the members of a single species that occupy a particular area and are able to interbreed are a

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The equation, p² + 2 pq + q² = 1.0, describes