Question 1

The ________ is the total number of alleles of all the gene loci in all the members of a population.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic drift 
B)  gene flow 
C)  gene pool 
D)  adaptive radiation 
E)  community 
A)  genetic drift 
B)  gene flow 
C)  gene pool 
D)  adaptive radiation 
E)  community

Question 2

A student proposes that left-handedness is a recessive trait. A survey of a class of 36 students finds that 27 (0.75) are right-handed and 9 (0.25) are left-handed. Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what would the expected genotype and allele frequencies be in this theoretical population?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.75 right-handed homozygous dominant and 0.25 recessive homozygous for 3-to-1 right- to left-handed alleles in the population 
B)  0.25 right-handed homozygous, 0.50 heterozygous, and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 3-to-1 right- to left-handed alleles in the population 
C)  0.25 right-handed homozygous, 0.50 heterozygous, and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele 
D)  0.50 right-handed homozygous, 0.25 heterozygous, and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele 
E)  They cannot be estimated using these limited data. 
A)  0.75 right-handed homozygous dominant and 0.25 recessive homozygous for 3-to-1 right- to left-handed alleles in the population 
B)  0.25 right-handed homozygous, 0.50 heterozygous, and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 3-to-1 right- to left-handed alleles in the population 
C)  0.25 right-handed homozygous, 0.50 heterozygous, and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele 
D)  0.50 right-handed homozygous, 0.25 heterozygous, and 0.25 recessive homozygous for a 0.5 allele frequency for each allele 
E)  They cannot be estimated using these limited data.

Question 3

Which line of evidence developed after Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  comparative anatomy. 
B)  biogeography. 
C)  the fossil record. 
D)  geography. 
E)  biochemistry. 
A)  comparative anatomy. 
B)  biogeography. 
C)  the fossil record. 
D)  geography. 
E)  biochemistry.

Question 4

Which of the following contributes to evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations 
B)  gene flow 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  natural selection 
E)  All of the answer choices describe agents of evolution. 
A)  mutations 
B)  gene flow 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  natural selection 
E)  All of the answer choices describe agents of evolution.

Question 5

Which of the following agents of evolutionary change results in adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  gene flow 
D)  nonrandom mating 
E)  natural selection 
A)  mutation 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  gene flow 
D)  nonrandom mating 
E)  natural selection

Question 6

Which of the following mechanisms can disrupt genetic equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  founder effect 
B)  differential reproduction 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  natural selection 
E)  All of the answer choices describe mechanisms that can disrupt genetic equilibrium. 
A)  founder effect 
B)  differential reproduction 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  natural selection 
E)  All of the answer choices describe mechanisms that can disrupt genetic equilibrium.

Question 7

Mass extinctions

Accepted Answer

A)  are the result of humans damaging the natural environment. 
B)  are the result of humans exploiting wildlife and using pesticides. 
C)  occurred in cycles when organisms fail to evolve. 
D)  have occurred about 4 or 5 times in fossil record. 
E)  require life to evolve again from protocells. 
A)  are the result of humans damaging the natural environment. 
B)  are the result of humans exploiting wildlife and using pesticides. 
C)  occurred in cycles when organisms fail to evolve. 
D)  have occurred about 4 or 5 times in fossil record. 
E)  require life to evolve again from protocells.

Question 8

Fossil evidence from what organism supports the idea of continental drift?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaeopteryx 
B)  Glossopteris 
C)  Euphorbia 
D)  Ambulocetus 
E)  Basilosaurus 
A)  Archaeopteryx 
B)  Glossopteris 
C)  Euphorbia 
D)  Ambulocetus 
E)  Basilosaurus

Question 9

Which piece of evidence did Darwin observe during his 5-year journey aboard the HMS Beagle?

Accepted Answer

A)  A South American species of finch is most likely the ancestor of the Galápagos Island finches. 
B)  Species do not change over time. 
C)  The environment can change the phenotype of an organism and this is heritable. 
D)  All species share the same basic genetic blueprint. 
E)  The earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old. 
A)  A South American species of finch is most likely the ancestor of the Galápagos Island finches. 
B)  Species do not change over time. 
C)  The environment can change the phenotype of an organism and this is heritable. 
D)  All species share the same basic genetic blueprint. 
E)  The earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old.

Question 10

Which statement is true about nonrandom mating?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inbreeding is a form of nonrandom mating. 
B)  A tall man preferentially marrying a tall woman is an example of nonrandom mating. 
C)  Nonrandom mating violates the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
D)  The strongest male winning the opportunity to mate with his choice of females is an example of nonrandom mating. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about nonrandom mating. 
A)  Inbreeding is a form of nonrandom mating. 
B)  A tall man preferentially marrying a tall woman is an example of nonrandom mating. 
C)  Nonrandom mating violates the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
D)  The strongest male winning the opportunity to mate with his choice of females is an example of nonrandom mating. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements about nonrandom mating.

Question 11

Which statement describes the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a form of gene flow. 
B)  It occurs when an extreme phenotype is favored. 
C)  It occurs when the founding members of a population contain a tiny fraction of the alleles found in the original population. 
D)  It occurs when a population is subjected to near extinction. 
E)  It occurs due to nonrandom mating. 
A)  It is a form of gene flow. 
B)  It occurs when an extreme phenotype is favored. 
C)  It occurs when the founding members of a population contain a tiny fraction of the alleles found in the original population. 
D)  It occurs when a population is subjected to near extinction. 
E)  It occurs due to nonrandom mating.

Question 12

Prokaryotes evolved about

Accepted Answer

A)  1 million years ago. 
B)  4 million years ago. 
C)  1 billion years ago. 
D)  3.5 billion years ago. 
E)  4.6 billion years old. 
A)  1 million years ago. 
B)  4 million years ago. 
C)  1 billion years ago. 
D)  3.5 billion years ago. 
E)  4.6 billion years old.

Question 13

If you were assigned the task of constructing a cladogram representing the evolutionary relationship between amphibians, turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, birds, and mammals, what feature could you use as the shared derived trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of a beak 
B)  presence of hair 
C)  give birth to live young 
D)  four limbs 
E)  production of milk to nourish their young 
A)  presence of a beak 
B)  presence of hair 
C)  give birth to live young 
D)  four limbs 
E)  production of milk to nourish their young

Question 14

A variety of genotypes and phenotypes in a population is useful because it

Accepted Answer

A)  makes life more interesting. 
B)  allows the species to survive if the environment changes. 
C)  means that the gene pool is constant and unchanging. 
D)  makes genetic drift an unlikely occurrence. 
E)  will lead to nonrandom mating. 
A)  makes life more interesting. 
B)  allows the species to survive if the environment changes. 
C)  means that the gene pool is constant and unchanging. 
D)  makes genetic drift an unlikely occurrence. 
E)  will lead to nonrandom mating.

Question 15

Many fireflies have flash patterns unique to their species and use them to identify other members of their species. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  geographical isolation. 
B)  ecological isolation. 
C)  behavioral isolation. 
D)  physiological isolation. 
E)  temporal isolation. 
A)  geographical isolation. 
B)  ecological isolation. 
C)  behavioral isolation. 
D)  physiological isolation. 
E)  temporal isolation.

Question 16

Which of the following is used by phylogeneticists specifically when constructing a cladogram?

Accepted Answer

A)  shared derived characteristics 
B)  homologous structures 
C)  morphological data 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  DNA sequences 
A)  shared derived characteristics 
B)  homologous structures 
C)  morphological data 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  DNA sequences

Question 17

The Amish of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, have a higher frequency of an unusual form of dwarfism than the population at large. This is probably due to

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection. 
B)  bottleneck effect. 
C)  founder effect. 
D)  vestigial structures. 
E)  industrial melanism. 
A)  natural selection. 
B)  bottleneck effect. 
C)  founder effect. 
D)  vestigial structures. 
E)  industrial melanism.

Question 18

Which organisms on the Galápagos Islands were most important in the development of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  rabbits 
B)  flowering plants 
C)  finches 
D)  fish 
E)  bats 
A)  rabbits 
B)  flowering plants 
C)  finches 
D)  fish 
E)  bats

Question 19

The American toad and the Fowler's toad are closely related species whose ranges overlap. The American toad mates in the early part of summer, while the Fowler's toad mates later in the season. What type of reproductive isolating mechanism keeps these toads separate species?

Accepted Answer

A)  postzygotic isolation 
B)  temporal isolation 
C)  behavioral isolation 
D)  habitat isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation 
A)  postzygotic isolation 
B)  temporal isolation 
C)  behavioral isolation 
D)  habitat isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation

Question 20

Which evidence for evolution includes impressions of plants and animals pressed into sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  fossil record 
B)  biogeography 
C)  comparative anatomy 
D)  comparative embryology 
E)  comparative biochemistry 
A)  fossil record 
B)  biogeography 
C)  comparative anatomy 
D)  comparative embryology 
E)  comparative biochemistry

Exam 27: Evolution of Life

The ________ is the total number of alleles of all the gene loci in all the members of a population.

A student proposes that left-handedness is a recessive trait. A survey of a class of 36 students finds that 27 (0.75) are right-handed and 9 (0.25) are left-handed. Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what would the expected genotype and allele frequencies be in this theoretical population?

Which line of evidence developed after Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution?

Which of the following contributes to evolution?

Which of the following agents of evolutionary change results in adaptation?

Which of the following mechanisms can disrupt genetic equilibrium?

Mass extinctions

Fossil evidence from what organism supports the idea of continental drift?

Which piece of evidence did Darwin observe during his 5-year journey aboard the HMS Beagle?

Which statement is true about nonrandom mating?

Which statement describes the bottleneck effect?

Prokaryotes evolved about

If you were assigned the task of constructing a cladogram representing the evolutionary relationship between amphibians, turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, birds, and mammals, what feature could you use as the shared derived trait?

A variety of genotypes and phenotypes in a population is useful because it

Many fireflies have flash patterns unique to their species and use them to identify other members of their species. This is an example of

Which of the following is used by phylogeneticists specifically when constructing a cladogram?

The Amish of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, have a higher frequency of an unusual form of dwarfism than the population at large. This is probably due to

Which organisms on the Galápagos Islands were most important in the development of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

The American toad and the Fowler's toad are closely related species whose ranges overlap. The American toad mates in the early part of summer, while the Fowler's toad mates later in the season. What type of reproductive isolating mechanism keeps these toads separate species?

Which evidence for evolution includes impressions of plants and animals pressed into sedimentary rock?

The Study of Life

The Molecules of Cells

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Cell Division

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Plant Organization and Function

Plant Reproduction and Responses

Human Organization

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive System and Nutrition

Respiratory System

Urinary System and Excretion

Nervous System

Senses

Musculoskeletal System

Endocrine System

Reproductive System

Development and Aging

Patterns of Gene Inheritance

Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Dna Structure and Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Microbiology

Protists and Fungi

Plants

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animals: Chordates and Vertebrates

Behavioral Ecology

Population and Community Ecology

Nature of Ecosystems

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation Biology

Filters