Question 1

A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  an all-or-none response. 
B)  a graded response. 
C)  a latent period response. 
D)  a relative refractory response. 
E)  a local response. 
A)  an all-or-none response. 
B)  a graded response. 
C)  a latent period response. 
D)  a relative refractory response. 
E)  a local response.

Question 2

Which of the following events will lead to depolarization?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in K+ ions in the extracellular fluid 
B)  a decrease in K+ ions in the extracellular fluid 
C)  an increase in the rate of diffusion of K+ ions from cells 
D)  an increase in Na+ ions in the extracellular fluid 
E)  None of these events would cause depolarization. 
A)  an increase in K+ ions in the extracellular fluid 
B)  a decrease in K+ ions in the extracellular fluid 
C)  an increase in the rate of diffusion of K+ ions from cells 
D)  an increase in Na+ ions in the extracellular fluid 
E)  None of these events would cause depolarization.

Question 3

Gaps or interruptions in the myelin sheath are called

Accepted Answer

A)  internodes. 
B)  tight junctions. 
C)  neurofilaments. 
D)  nodes of Ranvier. 
E)  gap junctions. 
A)  internodes. 
B)  tight junctions. 
C)  neurofilaments. 
D)  nodes of Ranvier. 
E)  gap junctions.

Question 4

Suppose both excitatory and inhibitory neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron. What determines if an action potential is initiated in the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  the kind of neuron involved 
B)  the size of the neuron involved 
C)  whether the neuron is myelinated or non-myelinated 
D)  the number of EPSPs in relation to the number of IPSPs 
E)  This situation is not possible in humans. 
A)  the kind of neuron involved 
B)  the size of the neuron involved 
C)  whether the neuron is myelinated or non-myelinated 
D)  the number of EPSPs in relation to the number of IPSPs 
E)  This situation is not possible in humans.

Question 5

What is the only neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  dopamine 
D)  glutamate 
A)  serotonin 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  dopamine 
D)  glutamate

Question 6

The nervous system has two subdivisions - the central nervous system and the ____________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nervous system has two subdivisions -...

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of reactive astrocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  injury site is blocked off 
B)  scars limit regeneration 
C)  causes the spread of inflammation 
D)  reduces injury to surrounding tissue 
A)  injury site is blocked off 
B)  scars limit regeneration 
C)  causes the spread of inflammation 
D)  reduces injury to surrounding tissue

Question 8

-The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "B" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  postsynaptic membrane 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  synaptic vesicle 
D)  voltage-gated calcium channel 
E)  presynaptic terminal 
A)  postsynaptic membrane 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  synaptic vesicle 
D)  voltage-gated calcium channel 
E)  presynaptic terminal

Question 9

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance transmission across the synapse. 
B)  reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse. 
C)  have no effect on transmission across the synapse. 
D)  alter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  increase exocytosis. 
A)  enhance transmission across the synapse. 
B)  reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse. 
C)  have no effect on transmission across the synapse. 
D)  alter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  increase exocytosis.

Question 10

If the charge difference across the plasma membrane is decreased,

Accepted Answer

A)  the potential difference across the plasma membrane does not change. 
B)  the membrane potential is more positive. 
C)  the change is called hyperpolarization. 
D)  negative proteins can leave the cell. 
E)  the membrane potential is more negative. 
A)  the potential difference across the plasma membrane does not change. 
B)  the membrane potential is more positive. 
C)  the change is called hyperpolarization. 
D)  negative proteins can leave the cell. 
E)  the membrane potential is more negative.

Question 11

Chemical synapses are characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic terminal. 
B)  connexons that connect the pre- and postsynaptic cells. 
C)  the presence of receptors for neurotransmitters on the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  the absence of gap junctions. 
E)  receptors located only on the presynaptic terminal. 
A)  the release of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic terminal. 
B)  connexons that connect the pre- and postsynaptic cells. 
C)  the presence of receptors for neurotransmitters on the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  the absence of gap junctions. 
E)  receptors located only on the presynaptic terminal.

Question 12

Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills?

Accepted Answer

A)  central nervous system 
B)  peripheral nervous system 
C)  somatic nervous system 
D)  autonomic nervous system 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  central nervous system 
B)  peripheral nervous system 
C)  somatic nervous system 
D)  autonomic nervous system 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 13

A change in resting membrane potential confined to a small area is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  local potential. 
B)  action potential. 
C)  summated potential. 
D)  after potential. 
E)  resting membrane potential. 
A)  local potential. 
B)  action potential. 
C)  summated potential. 
D)  after potential. 
E)  resting membrane potential.

Question 14

Rapid removal or destruction of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft

Accepted Answer

A)  may affect the ability of the postsynaptic membrane to generate action potentials. 
B)  generates local potentials in the presynaptic terminal. 
C)  is necessary for synaptic transmission. 
D)  may lead to action potentials. 
E)  may stop exocytosis. 
A)  may affect the ability of the postsynaptic membrane to generate action potentials. 
B)  generates local potentials in the presynaptic terminal. 
C)  is necessary for synaptic transmission. 
D)  may lead to action potentials. 
E)  may stop exocytosis.

Question 15

A neuron with several dendrites and a single axon would be called a ____________ neuron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A neuron with several dendrites and a...

Question 16

White matter is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  ganglial sheaths. 
B)  bundles of myelinated axons. 
C)  collections of nerve cell bodies. 
D)  bundles containing both myelinated axons and nerve cell bodies. 
E)  collections of unmyelinated axons. 
A)  ganglial sheaths. 
B)  bundles of myelinated axons. 
C)  collections of nerve cell bodies. 
D)  bundles containing both myelinated axons and nerve cell bodies. 
E)  collections of unmyelinated axons.

Question 17

Dendrites

Accepted Answer

A)  are the input part of the neuron. 
B)  conduct action potentials away from the cell body. 
C)  are generally long and unbranched. 
D)  form synapses with the microglia. 
E)  contain the trigger zone. 
A)  are the input part of the neuron. 
B)  conduct action potentials away from the cell body. 
C)  are generally long and unbranched. 
D)  form synapses with the microglia. 
E)  contain the trigger zone.

Question 18

Match the term with the correct definition.
-repolarization

Accepted Answer

A) a small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) a charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) a larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) membrane becomes more positive when sodium ions diffuse into cell 
E) return to the resting membrane potential 
A) a small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) a charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) a larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) membrane becomes more positive when sodium ions diffuse into cell 
E) return to the resting membrane potential

Question 19

-The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "C" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  postsynaptic membrane 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  synaptic vesicle 
D)  voltage-gated calcium channel 
E)  presynaptic terminal 
A)  postsynaptic membrane 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  synaptic vesicle 
D)  voltage-gated calcium channel 
E)  presynaptic terminal

Question 20

There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves and _____ pairs of spinal nerves.

Accepted Answer

A)  10; 30 
B)  31; 12 
C)  12; 31 
D)  30; 10 
E)  12; 32 
A)  10; 30 
B)  31; 12 
C)  12; 31 
D)  30; 10 
E)  12; 32

Exam 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called

Which of the following events will lead to depolarization?

Gaps or interruptions in the myelin sheath are called

Suppose both excitatory and inhibitory neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron. What determines if an action potential is initiated in the postsynaptic neuron?

What is the only neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

The nervous system has two subdivisions - the central nervous system and the ____________ nervous system.

Which of the following is NOT true of reactive astrocytosis?

-The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "B" represent?

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

If the charge difference across the plasma membrane is decreased,

Chemical synapses are characterized by

Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills?

A change in resting membrane potential confined to a small area is called a(n)

Rapid removal or destruction of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft

A neuron with several dendrites and a single axon would be called a ____________ neuron.

White matter is composed of

Dendrites

Match the term with the correct definition. -repolarization

-The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "C" represent?

There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves and _____ pairs of spinal nerves.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

There are _ pairs of cranial nerves and _ pairs of spinal nerves.