Question 1

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH...

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  can dissolve in the blood as free hormones 
B)  large hormones need fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream 
C)  most readily diffuse through capillary walls 
D)  rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream 
E)  some may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-life 
A)  can dissolve in the blood as free hormones 
B)  large hormones need fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream 
C)  most readily diffuse through capillary walls 
D)  rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream 
E)  some may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-life

Question 3

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-neuropeptide

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 4

-What is "C" on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas 
B)  adrenals 
C)  pituitary 
D)  thyroid 
E)  thymus 
A)  pancreas 
B)  adrenals 
C)  pituitary 
D)  thyroid 
E)  thymus

Question 5

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-membrane channels may be opened or closed

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 6

Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, 4 
B)  1, 2, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
E)  1, 2, 4 
A)  1, 3, 4 
B)  1, 2, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
E)  1, 2, 4

Question 7

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated

Accepted Answer

A)  a cascade effect. 
B)  a double loop effect. 
C)  a protein kinase effect. 
D)  a cyclic effect. 
E)  a negative feedback cycle. 
A)  a cascade effect. 
B)  a double loop effect. 
C)  a protein kinase effect. 
D)  a cyclic effect. 
E)  a negative feedback cycle.

Question 8

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-G-protein

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 9

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  cGMP 
B)  cAMP 
C)  calmodulin 
D)  phospholipase C 
A)  cGMP 
B)  cAMP 
C)  calmodulin 
D)  phospholipase C

Question 10

The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to

Accepted Answer

A)  bind to and activate protein kinase. 
B)  activate genes in the nucleus to produce mRNA. 
C)  directly activate structural enzymes in the cytoplasm of the target cell. 
D)  catalyze a cascade reaction that ultimately activates genes on the DNA. 
E)  control levels of calcium in the cell. 
A)  bind to and activate protein kinase. 
B)  activate genes in the nucleus to produce mRNA. 
C)  directly activate structural enzymes in the cytoplasm of the target cell. 
D)  catalyze a cascade reaction that ultimately activates genes on the DNA. 
E)  control levels of calcium in the cell.

Question 11

Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver

Accepted Answer

A)  its half-life is increased. 
B)  it can be more quickly eliminated from the body. 
C)  it can be stored for later use. 
D)  it is actively transported into cells. 
E)  it is more slowly eliminated from the body. 
A)  its half-life is increased. 
B)  it can be more quickly eliminated from the body. 
C)  it can be stored for later use. 
D)  it is actively transported into cells. 
E)  it is more slowly eliminated from the body.

Question 12

What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine 
A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine

Question 13

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of hormone secretion. 
B)  the identity of a hormone. 
C)  the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body. 
D)  the rate of action of a hormone. 
E)  the rate of travel through the blood to a target. 
A)  the rate of hormone secretion. 
B)  the identity of a hormone. 
C)  the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body. 
D)  the rate of action of a hormone. 
E)  the rate of travel through the blood to a target.

Question 14

Up-regulation

Accepted Answer

A)  results in a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the target cell. 
B)  produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone. 
C)  is found in target cells that maintain a constant level of receptors. 
D)  produces insensitivity to the hormone in the target tissue. 
E)  moves the receptors up on the membrane. 
A)  results in a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the target cell. 
B)  produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone. 
C)  is found in target cells that maintain a constant level of receptors. 
D)  produces insensitivity to the hormone in the target tissue. 
E)  moves the receptors up on the membrane.

Question 15

Most hormones are regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  negative-feedback mechanisms. 
B)  neural-feedback mechanisms. 
C)  positive-feedback mechanisms. 
D)  hormonal-feedback mechanisms. 
A)  negative-feedback mechanisms. 
B)  neural-feedback mechanisms. 
C)  positive-feedback mechanisms. 
D)  hormonal-feedback mechanisms.

Question 16

In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _______ than their response to nervous stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  faster and briefer 
B)  slower and more prolonged 
C)  more accurate 
D)  more restricted to a small area of the body 
E)  more intense 
A)  faster and briefer 
B)  slower and more prolonged 
C)  more accurate 
D)  more restricted to a small area of the body 
E)  more intense

Question 17

Hormones act on specific tissues called _______ tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hormones act on specific tissues called _______...

Question 18

Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A)  in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B)  on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C)  in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D)  on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E)  in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells. 
A)  in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B)  on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C)  in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D)  on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E)  in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells.

Question 19

-What is "A" on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas 
B)  adrenals 
C)  pituitary 
D)  thyroid 
E)  thymus 
A)  pancreas 
B)  adrenals 
C)  pituitary 
D)  thyroid 
E)  thymus

Question 20

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)  neuropathogen. 
B)  neurotransmitter. 
C)  neurocrine. 
D)  neurohormone. 
E)  neurosynthesizer. 
A)  neuropathogen. 
B)  neurotransmitter. 
C)  neurocrine. 
D)  neurohormone. 
E)  neurosynthesizer.

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

Which of the following is NOT true of water-soluble hormones?

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -neuropeptide

-What is "C" on the diagram?

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -membrane channels may be opened or closed

Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -G-protein

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to

Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver

What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Up-regulation

Most hormones are regulated by

In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _______ than their response to nervous stimulation.

Hormones act on specific tissues called _______ tissues.

Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located

-What is "A" on the diagram?

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

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Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

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