Question 1

How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  by signs 
B)  by the location of the target cells 
C)  by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells 
D)  by the function of the target cells 
E)  by the location of the hormones 
A)  by signs 
B)  by the location of the target cells 
C)  by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells 
D)  by the function of the target cells 
E)  by the location of the hormones

Question 2

What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of cGMP 
B)  activation of adenylate cyclase 
C)  direct alteration of intracellular enzymes 
D)  phosphorylation of intracellular proteins 
A)  activation of cGMP 
B)  activation of adenylate cyclase 
C)  direct alteration of intracellular enzymes 
D)  phosphorylation of intracellular proteins

Question 3

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of cyclic AMP 
B)  activation of mRNA synthesis 
C)  increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes 
D)  opens membrane channels 
E)  alters membrane permeability 
A)  activation of cyclic AMP 
B)  activation of mRNA synthesis 
C)  increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes 
D)  opens membrane channels 
E)  alters membrane permeability

Question 4

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease. This is an example of control by __________ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormonal 
B)  neural 
C)  humoral 
D)  visceral 
A)  hormonal 
B)  neural 
C)  humoral 
D)  visceral

Question 5

What type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine 
A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine

Question 6

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  water-soluble 
B)  amino acid derivative 
C)  protein 
D)  lipid-soluble 
A)  water-soluble 
B)  amino acid derivative 
C)  protein 
D)  lipid-soluble

Question 7

-What is "B" on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas 
B)  adrenals 
C)  pituitary 
D)  thyroid 
E)  thymus 
A)  pancreas 
B)  adrenals 
C)  pituitary 
D)  thyroid 
E)  thymus

Question 8

What do all hormones have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are made from amino acids. 
B)  They are bound to transport molecules in the blood. 
C)  They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell. 
D)  They use the second messenger mechanism to control the target cell. 
E)  They are all lipid-soluble. 
A)  They are made from amino acids. 
B)  They are bound to transport molecules in the blood. 
C)  They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell. 
D)  They use the second messenger mechanism to control the target cell. 
E)  They are all lipid-soluble.

Question 9

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-autocrine

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 10

Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  calcium 
C)  M protein 
D)  G protein 
E)  DNA 
A)  ATP 
B)  calcium 
C)  M protein 
D)  G protein 
E)  DNA

Question 11

-What is "E" on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas 
B)  adrenals 
C)  pituitary 
D)  thyroid 
E)  thymus 
A)  pancreas 
B)  adrenals 
C)  pituitary 
D)  thyroid 
E)  thymus

Question 12

Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  saponification. 
B)  amplitude-modulation. 
C)  conjugation. 
D)  protein-binding. 
A)  saponification. 
B)  amplitude-modulation. 
C)  conjugation. 
D)  protein-binding.

Question 13

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-generally observe a latent period

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 14

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor,

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane channels are destroyed. 
B)  cyclic GMP might be produced to act as an intracellular mediator. 
C)  the nucleus is phosphorylated to prevent G-protein activation. 
D)  messenger RNA is formed. 
E)  cellular DNA is altered. 
A)  membrane channels are destroyed. 
B)  cyclic GMP might be produced to act as an intracellular mediator. 
C)  the nucleus is phosphorylated to prevent G-protein activation. 
D)  messenger RNA is formed. 
E)  cellular DNA is altered.

Question 15

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 16

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP involved

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 17

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-receptor molecule interacts with DNA

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 18

Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  acute hormone secretion 
B)  episodic hormone secretion 
C)  chronic hormone secretion 
D)  long-term hormone secretion 
A)  acute hormone secretion 
B)  episodic hormone secretion 
C)  chronic hormone secretion 
D)  long-term hormone secretion

Question 19

Members of which group of hormones are made from cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acid derivatives 
B)  peptides 
C)  proteins 
D)  steroids 
A)  amino acid derivatives 
B)  peptides 
C)  proteins 
D)  steroids

Question 20

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hypothalamus is important to both the nervous and endocrine systems. 
B)  Both the nervous and endocrine systems may utilize the same chemical molecule. 
C)  Some neurons secrete hormones. 
D)  Both the nervous and endocrine systems respond quickly and are active for a long time. 
A)  The hypothalamus is important to both the nervous and endocrine systems. 
B)  Both the nervous and endocrine systems may utilize the same chemical molecule. 
C)  Some neurons secrete hormones. 
D)  Both the nervous and endocrine systems respond quickly and are active for a long time.

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?

What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease. This is an example of control by __________ stimuli.

What type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

-What is "B" on the diagram?

What do all hormones have in common?

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -autocrine

Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?

-What is "E" on the diagram?

Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -generally observe a latent period

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor,

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -neurotransmitter

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP involved

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -receptor molecule interacts with DNA

Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

Members of which group of hormones are made from cholesterol?

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

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Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

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Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

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