Question 1

What action is most responsible for the resting membrane potential in cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of K+ through voltage-gated K+ channels 
B)  movement of Na+ through open Na+ channels 
C)  movement of Ca2+ through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
D)  closing of Na+ and K+ voltage-gated channels 
A)  movement of K+ through voltage-gated K+ channels 
B)  movement of Na+ through open Na+ channels 
C)  movement of Ca2+ through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
D)  closing of Na+ and K+ voltage-gated channels

Question 2

The "pacemaker" of the heart is the

Accepted Answer

A)  right bundle branch. 
B)  left bundle branch. 
C)  AV node. 
D)  SA node. 
E)  PM node. 
A)  right bundle branch. 
B)  left bundle branch. 
C)  AV node. 
D)  SA node. 
E)  PM node.

Question 3

Match the condition with the description.
-bradycardia

Accepted Answer

A) allows blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary trunk 
B) a blood clot in a coronary vessel 
C) indicates low oxygen levels in peripheral blood vessels 
D) no rhythmic contractions of the myocardium 
E) heart rate less than 60 beats/minute 
A) allows blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary trunk 
B) a blood clot in a coronary vessel 
C) indicates low oxygen levels in peripheral blood vessels 
D) no rhythmic contractions of the myocardium 
E) heart rate less than 60 beats/minute

Question 4

What occurs during the time between the first heart sound and the second heart sound?

Accepted Answer

A)  ventricular systole 
B)  ventricular diastole 
C)  ventricular filling 
D)  atrial systole 
E)  the P wave of the ECG 
A)  ventricular systole 
B)  ventricular diastole 
C)  ventricular filling 
D)  atrial systole 
E)  the P wave of the ECG

Question 5

Which of the following areas of the conduction system would produce spontaneous action potentials most frequently if the SA node were not functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  AV bundle 
B)  Purkinje fibers 
C)  AV node 
D)  bundle branch 
E)  the pacemaker 
A)  AV bundle 
B)  Purkinje fibers 
C)  AV node 
D)  bundle branch 
E)  the pacemaker

Question 6

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the SA node because

Accepted Answer

A)  of the superior location of the SA node in the right atrium. 
B)  the SA node is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C)  of the rich sympathetic innervation of the SA node. 
D)  this area produces action potentials more rapidly than any other portion of the conduction system. 
E)  of action potentials from the cardioregulatory center. 
A)  of the superior location of the SA node in the right atrium. 
B)  the SA node is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C)  of the rich sympathetic innervation of the SA node. 
D)  this area produces action potentials more rapidly than any other portion of the conduction system. 
E)  of action potentials from the cardioregulatory center.

Question 7

During hemorrhagic shock in which blood pressure is decreased, which of the regulatory mechanisms is most important is increasing cardiac output to help maintain blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart 
B)  increase venous return 
C)  increase in parasympathetic stimulation of the heart 
D)  increase vagal stimulation of the heart 
E)  increase in the amplitude of the heart sounds 
A)  increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart 
B)  increase venous return 
C)  increase in parasympathetic stimulation of the heart 
D)  increase vagal stimulation of the heart 
E)  increase in the amplitude of the heart sounds

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a major opening into the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary vein 
B)  inferior vena cava 
C)  superior vena cava 
D)  coronary sinus 
A)  pulmonary vein 
B)  inferior vena cava 
C)  superior vena cava 
D)  coronary sinus

Question 9

Afterload is

Accepted Answer

A)  the name given to an increase in end-diastolic volume. 
B)  the arterial pressure that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood. 
C)  the amount cardiac output must increase during exercise. 
D)  another name for venous return. 
E)  the extent to which ventricular walls are stretched. 
A)  the name given to an increase in end-diastolic volume. 
B)  the arterial pressure that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood. 
C)  the amount cardiac output must increase during exercise. 
D)  another name for venous return. 
E)  the extent to which ventricular walls are stretched.

Question 10

The _______ carries blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ carries blood from the left...

Question 11

Use the following two choices:
-$\downarrow$ blood oxygen levels

Accepted Answer

A) ↑ heart rate 
B) ↓ heart rate 
A) ↑ heart rate 
B) ↓ heart rate

Question 12

When a pacemaker potential in the SA node reaches threshold,

Accepted Answer

A)  the permeability to K+ ions increases. 
B)  many voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open. 
C)  voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close. 
D)  RMP has been restored. 
E)  permeability of the cell does not change. 
A)  the permeability to K+ ions increases. 
B)  many voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open. 
C)  voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close. 
D)  RMP has been restored. 
E)  permeability of the cell does not change.

Question 13

What event(s) occur during the QRS complex of an ECG?

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization of the atria 
B)  repolarization of the ventricles 
C)  depolarization of the atria and repolarization of the ventricles 
D)  depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria 
A)  depolarization of the atria 
B)  repolarization of the ventricles 
C)  depolarization of the atria and repolarization of the ventricles 
D)  depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria

Question 14

Occlusion of which of the following would primarily damage the posterior wall of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  circumflex artery 
B)  pulmonary artery 
C)  right marginal artery 
D)  coronary sinus artery 
E)  right coronary artery 
A)  circumflex artery 
B)  pulmonary artery 
C)  right marginal artery 
D)  coronary sinus artery 
E)  right coronary artery

Question 15

Another name for the visceral pericardium is the

Accepted Answer

A)  endocardium. 
B)  epicardium. 
C)  isocardium. 
D)  myocardium. 
E)  visocardium. 
A)  endocardium. 
B)  epicardium. 
C)  isocardium. 
D)  myocardium. 
E)  visocardium.

Question 16

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-tricuspid valve

Accepted Answer

A) located between the right atrium and the right ventricle 
B) has only two valve flaps 
C) located at the opening to the aorta 
D) a depression in the atrial septum 
E) ridges and columns on the interior walls of ventricles 
A) located between the right atrium and the right ventricle 
B) has only two valve flaps 
C) located at the opening to the aorta 
D) a depression in the atrial septum 
E) ridges and columns on the interior walls of ventricles

Question 17

Use the following key to mark the most correct answer.
-(1) heart rate after stimulation of the cardiac nerves;
(2) heart rate after stimulation of the vagus nerve
A

Accepted Answer

A) Choose A if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose B if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose C if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) Choose A if the first item is greater than the second item. 
B) Choose B if the first item is less than the second item. 
C) Choose C if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 18

Match the drug with its effects.
-calcium channel blocker

Accepted Answer

A) binds to epinephrine receptors 
B) prevents clot formation 
C) can reduce calcium diffusion rate into myocardial cells 
D) frequently given to people with restricted coronary blood flow in order to reduce preload 
E) used to treat high blood pressure 
A) binds to epinephrine receptors 
B) prevents clot formation 
C) can reduce calcium diffusion rate into myocardial cells 
D) frequently given to people with restricted coronary blood flow in order to reduce preload 
E) used to treat high blood pressure

Question 19

Which of the following events occurs first?

Accepted Answer

A)  threshold 
B)  depolarization 
C)  early repolarization 
D)  final repolarization 
E)  pacemaker potential 
A)  threshold 
B)  depolarization 
C)  early repolarization 
D)  final repolarization 
E)  pacemaker potential

Question 20

If the heart receives more sympathetic stimulation than parasympathetic stimulation, the heart will

Accepted Answer

A)  increase its rate and force of contraction. 
B)  contract with greater force but at a slower rate. 
C)  decrease both its rate and force of contraction. 
D)  contract with less force but at a faster rate. 
E)  decrease rate, but increase force of contraction. 
A)  increase its rate and force of contraction. 
B)  contract with greater force but at a slower rate. 
C)  decrease both its rate and force of contraction. 
D)  contract with less force but at a faster rate. 
E)  decrease rate, but increase force of contraction.

Exam 20: Cardiovascular System: the Heart

What action is most responsible for the resting membrane potential in cardiac muscle cells?

The "pacemaker" of the heart is the

Match the condition with the description. -bradycardia

What occurs during the time between the first heart sound and the second heart sound?

Which of the following areas of the conduction system would produce spontaneous action potentials most frequently if the SA node were not functioning?

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the SA node because

During hemorrhagic shock in which blood pressure is decreased, which of the regulatory mechanisms is most important is increasing cardiac output to help maintain blood pressure?

Which of the following is NOT a major opening into the right atrium?

Afterload is

The _______ carries blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Use the following two choices: - ↓\downarrow↓ blood oxygen levels

When a pacemaker potential in the SA node reaches threshold,

What event(s) occur during the QRS complex of an ECG?

Occlusion of which of the following would primarily damage the posterior wall of the heart?

Another name for the visceral pericardium is the

Match the structure with the appropriate description. -tricuspid valve

Use the following key to mark the most correct answer. -(1) heart rate after stimulation of the cardiac nerves; (2) heart rate after stimulation of the vagus nerve A

Match the drug with its effects. -calcium channel blocker

Which of the following events occurs first?

If the heart receives more sympathetic stimulation than parasympathetic stimulation, the heart will

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Use the following two choices: - $\downarrow$ blood oxygen levels