Question 1

The process of ___________ involves copying the DNA code from the gene to a molecule of mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) transcription. 
B) nuclear shuttling. 
C) transamination. 
D) translation. 
A) transcription. 
B) nuclear shuttling. 
C) transamination. 
D) translation.

Question 2

Gene expression and protein synthesis involve:

Accepted Answer

A) messenger RNA. 
B) transcription 
C) translation. 
D) All of these choices. 
A) messenger RNA. 
B) transcription 
C) translation. 
D) All of these choices.

Question 3

Isoflavones are chemically similar to the hormone:

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone. 
B) cortisol. 
C) estrogen. 
D) insulin. 
A) testosterone. 
B) cortisol. 
C) estrogen. 
D) insulin.

Question 4

In the US,most dietary protein comes from:

Accepted Answer

A) animal sources. 
B) beans. 
C) nuts. 
D) vegetables. 
A) animal sources. 
B) beans. 
C) nuts. 
D) vegetables.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE of protein needs in athletes?

Accepted Answer

A) Strength and endurance athletes may require 50-100% more protein than the RDA. 
B) Protein supplements are not typically necessary as long as kcal needs are met. 
C) It is unlikely that protein requirements in excess of the AMDR would be required. 
D) All of these statements are correct. 
A) Strength and endurance athletes may require 50-100% more protein than the RDA. 
B) Protein supplements are not typically necessary as long as kcal needs are met. 
C) It is unlikely that protein requirements in excess of the AMDR would be required. 
D) All of these statements are correct.

Question 6

Protein-energy malnutrition is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) increased susceptibility to food allergies. 
B) wasting and increased susceptibility to infection. 
C) excessive urinary output. 
D) hyperglycemia. 
A) increased susceptibility to food allergies. 
B) wasting and increased susceptibility to infection. 
C) excessive urinary output. 
D) hyperglycemia.

Question 7

Vegan vegetarians may not get enough of which nutrient(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron and zinc 
B) Vitamin B12 
C) Calcium and vitamin D 
D) All these nutrients could be low 
A) Iron and zinc 
B) Vitamin B12 
C) Calcium and vitamin D 
D) All these nutrients could be low

Question 8

The three-dimensional shape of a protein is determined by the:

Accepted Answer

A) ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids present in the polypeptide chain. 
B) sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. 
C) carbon to nitrogen ratio in the polypeptide chain. 
D) the number of peptide bonds present in the polypeptide chain. 
A) ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids present in the polypeptide chain. 
B) sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. 
C) carbon to nitrogen ratio in the polypeptide chain. 
D) the number of peptide bonds present in the polypeptide chain.

Question 9

A(n)____________ bond links one amino acid to the next.

Accepted Answer

A) disulfide 
B) ionic 
C) glycosidic 
D) peptide 
A) disulfide 
B) ionic 
C) glycosidic 
D) peptide

Question 10

Which of the following is a physical characteristic associated with Kwashiorkor?

Accepted Answer

A) Bloated abdomen 
B) Excess sweating 
C) Tall stature 
D) Hypertrophic (enlarged)leg muscles 
A) Bloated abdomen 
B) Excess sweating 
C) Tall stature 
D) Hypertrophic (enlarged)leg muscles

Question 11

Complete protein sources can be found in which MyPyramid food group?

Accepted Answer

A) Fats and oils 
B) Fruits and vegetables 
C) Dairy 
D) Grains 
A) Fats and oils 
B) Fruits and vegetables 
C) Dairy 
D) Grains

Question 12

Individuals with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU)should limit their intake of foods containing:

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate. 
B) iron. 
C) monosodium glutamate. 
D) aspartame. 
A) carbohydrate. 
B) iron. 
C) monosodium glutamate. 
D) aspartame.

Question 13

Obtaining protein from plant foods may be advantageous because plant foods:

Accepted Answer

A) are typically good sources of fiber. 
B) may contain healthy poly- and mono- unsaturated fats. 
C) may lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. 
D) All of these statements are correct. 
A) are typically good sources of fiber. 
B) may contain healthy poly- and mono- unsaturated fats. 
C) may lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. 
D) All of these statements are correct.

Question 14

The waste product resulting from the deamination of a protein is:

Accepted Answer

A) ketone bodies. 
B) urea. 
C) lactate. 
D) CO2. 
A) ketone bodies. 
B) urea. 
C) lactate. 
D) CO2.

Question 15

The basic building blocks of proteins are:

Accepted Answer

A) monosaccharides. 
B) amino acids. 
C) sterols. 
D) ketone bodies. 
A) monosaccharides. 
B) amino acids. 
C) sterols. 
D) ketone bodies.

Question 16

A limiting amino acid:

Accepted Answer

A) does not supply the element nitrogen. 
B) is present in short supply relative to the body's need. 
C) cannot be used by the body during protein synthesis. 
D) is used to synthesize non-protein molecules that contain nitrogen. 
A) does not supply the element nitrogen. 
B) is present in short supply relative to the body's need. 
C) cannot be used by the body during protein synthesis. 
D) is used to synthesize non-protein molecules that contain nitrogen.

Question 17

Which of the following terms can be used to describe a protein?

Accepted Answer

A) Polypeptide 
B) Branched amino acid chain 
C) Polysaccharide 
D) Monopeptide 
A) Polypeptide 
B) Branched amino acid chain 
C) Polysaccharide 
D) Monopeptide

Question 18

Which structure(s)is/are involved in protein translation?

Accepted Answer

A) Ribosome and tRNA 
B) Nucleus and nucleosome 
C) Mitochondria 
D) Plasma membrane and trans-Golgi. 
A) Ribosome and tRNA 
B) Nucleus and nucleosome 
C) Mitochondria 
D) Plasma membrane and trans-Golgi.

Question 19

A chemical score is calculated by comparing the amount of the limiting amino acid in the test protein with the amount of that amino acid in a reference protein such as:

Accepted Answer

A) egg protein. 
B) human muscle protein. 
C) wheat protein. 
D) soy protein. 
A) egg protein. 
B) human muscle protein. 
C) wheat protein. 
D) soy protein.

Question 20

Kwashiorkor is best characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) severe protein deficiency in young children. 
B) increased susceptibility to food allergies in adults. 
C) misshapen (sickle-shaped)red blood cells. 
D) the inability to digest proteins from soy and other plant proteins. 
A) severe protein deficiency in young children. 
B) increased susceptibility to food allergies in adults. 
C) misshapen (sickle-shaped)red blood cells. 
D) the inability to digest proteins from soy and other plant proteins.

Exam 6: Proteins and Amino Acids

The process of ___________ involves copying the DNA code from the gene to a molecule of mRNA.

Gene expression and protein synthesis involve:

Isoflavones are chemically similar to the hormone:

In the US,most dietary protein comes from:

Which of the following is TRUE of protein needs in athletes?

Protein-energy malnutrition is characterized by:

Vegan vegetarians may not get enough of which nutrient(s)?

The three-dimensional shape of a protein is determined by the:

A(n)____________ bond links one amino acid to the next.

Which of the following is a physical characteristic associated with Kwashiorkor?

Complete protein sources can be found in which MyPyramid food group?

Individuals with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU)should limit their intake of foods containing:

Obtaining protein from plant foods may be advantageous because plant foods:

The waste product resulting from the deamination of a protein is:

The basic building blocks of proteins are:

A limiting amino acid:

Which of the following terms can be used to describe a protein?

Which structure(s)is/are involved in protein translation?

A chemical score is calculated by comparing the amount of the limiting amino acid in the test protein with the amount of that amino acid in a reference protein such as:

Kwashiorkor is best characterized by:

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, starches, and Fiber

Lipids: Triglycerides, phospholipids, and Cholesterol

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Minerals

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus On Alcohol

Focus On Eating Disorders

Focus On Phytochemicals

Focus on Nonvitamin/Nonmineral Supplements

Focus on Biotechnology

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