Exam 1: What Is Psychology

Evolutionary psychology is a part of which modern psychological perspective?

Alexia and Holly both plan to become clinical psychologists,although Alexia is applying to graduate schools to pursue a Ph.D.and Holly plans to earn a Psy.D.What different experiences and requirements is each likely to encounter in earning her graduate degree?

Biases are assumptions that keep us from considering evidence fairly,or that cause us to ignore evidence entirely.

Ideally,everything in an experiment except the independent variable is held constant.

One common form of oversimplification is argument by anecdote.Explain this type of critical thinking error.Create your own example of an argument by anecdote.

Like today's psychologists,great thinkers throughout history have wanted to describe,predict,understand,and modify behavior.Contemporary psychologists,however,approach these issues in a different way by relying heavily upon

Which of the following pairs of variables are likely to be negatively correlated?

A researcher is studying the amount of sleep college students get each night.She notices that there is a lot of variability in the data,with some students typically sleeping for around 8 hours a night and some sleeping around 5 hours a night.One way to measure how spread out the data scores are is to use

When two variables are not related,the correlation coefficient will be close to

Because the people who are willing to take part in a survey may differ from those who decline to take part,the findings of the survey may not generalize to the entire population.This phenomenon is called

Critical thinkers try to

A business owner records the amount of money each customer spends in her shop.Each month,she calculates the standard deviation for these sales in order to

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight essential critical-thinking guidelines?

"I really want to believe that my memory of the day I spent at Disneyland as a preschooler is true,but that doesn't mean that it IS true." This example illustrates which of the following critical thinking guidelines?

Researchers are studying the effects of nicotine on driving.The participants are divided into two groups.One group is provided with nicotine cigarettes and the other with fake cigarettes that taste and smell like real cigarettes but do not contain nicotine.The fake cigarettes are an example of a(n)

Beliefs that are taken for granted are called

Which modern psychological perspective looks at how people reason,solve problems,and understand language?

What is the "principle of falsifiability"?

The standard deviation is a commonly used measure of variability that indicates the average difference between scores in a distribution and their mean.

When Sandee takes a personality test,she is told that the resulting score is compared to norms,that is,the test