Exam 11: Sculpture and Installation

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Consider the statues of Menkaure and Khamerernebty and the Burghers of Calais. Describe the medium of each of these works and identify each by artist or culture. Then discuss the similarities and differences in these representations of the human form in relation to the themes of each work and its relationship to the viewer.

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The carved stone sculpture Menkaure and Khamerernebty depicts a pharaoh and his royal wife. Employing the conventions of Egyptian sculpture, the couple are portrayed with idealized, youthful bodies and similar facial features with stiff, frozen arms. This formal, frontal pose suggests the power of the rulers and their serene, eternal existence. In contrast, Rodin's cast bronze sculpture Burghers of Calais memorializes the heroic 14th-century townsmen, who offered their lives as a ransom during a siege. The sculpture is an emotional presentation of individuals facing death and defeat. They are arranged in an irregular circle, requiring the viewers to pace alongside of them, for there is not an angle from which all of their faces are visible.

Define and describe the technique of lost-wax casting. Give an example of a specific work created with this technique and discuss why its artist might have chosen this technique.

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Casting is an indirect method of sculpture, creating objects from a wax model. The model is fitted with wax rods, which serve as channels for the molten material. The entire ensemble is heated so the wax melts and then runs out (lost), creating the mold. Liquid metal is poured into the mold, cooled, and the mold is then broken open, revealing the sculpture. An example is the bronze sculpture The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, which displays a gleaming surface in contrast with the detailed flowers, jewelry, and hair style. Cast sculptures allow for fine details, smooth rounded shapes, and glowing reflective surfaces.

The sculpture The Dying Slave, employing the contrapposto stance, was created by which artist?

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Consider the following two works and discuss the similarities and differences in the artists' treatments of their subjects: Lysippus, Apoxyomenos (Scraper), and Michelangelo, Dying Slave. Explain the connections between the two that relate to both form and content.

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________ is a sculptural process of bringing together individual pieces, segments, or objects to form a sculpture.

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The additive process of sculpture includes:

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In sculpture, what is the most popular modeling material?

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Discuss Ilya and Emilia Kabakov's The Happiest Man, considering the category of art it represents, how it employs the space, and the concept of the work.

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The carving method:

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The ________ process dates back to the 3rd millennium B.C.E.

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Classify three of the four basic sculptural methods (modeling, assembling, carving, and casting) as additive or subtractive, giving a reason for each of your classifications. Then briefly explain the process of casting. Identify at least one work that illustrates each of these methods of making a sculpture.

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Which of the following concepts conceives of a space and everything in it as a work of art?

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Fired clay is sometimes called:

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The sculpture The Scraper is an idealized figure from which civilization?

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Carved in a broad style of plain surfaces and subtle modeling, Colossal Head is thought to represent ________ rulers.

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Consider the Figurine of a Voluptuous Lady. Identify the culture in which this work was created and discuss its formal elements and the purposes for which it was likely created.

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Relief sculpture is:

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Sculptors will often create a "sketch" out of ________ to test ideas before proceeding to their medium of choice.

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The artworks of Christo and Jeanne-Claude are intended:

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Minimalists:

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