Question 1

In the Tolai spirit society known as duk duk, the duk duk are:

Accepted Answer

A)  animal spirits that cause mischief. 
B)  female spirits who have lost children. 
C)  evil spirits that hinder progress to the afterlife. 
D)  male spirits who punish lawbreakers. 
E)  apathetic spirits of forces in nature. 
A)  animal spirits that cause mischief. 
B)  female spirits who have lost children. 
C)  evil spirits that hinder progress to the afterlife. 
D)  male spirits who punish lawbreakers. 
E)  apathetic spirits of forces in nature. D

Question 2

Discuss the art of tattooing, the culture that practiced it, the process, and how it was considered a sacred act.

Accepted Answer

All Polynesian peoples practiced tattoo, but the South Pacific Marquesans cultivated the art with greater virtuosity. Like all other arts, the Maresan considered the act of tattooing sacred. A specialist, tukuka, who invoked the protective presence of specific deities, performed it ritually. The designs were created using a bone tool that resembled a small comb with sharp fine teeth. The specialist dipped the teeth in the black pigment made of soot or ground charcoal, set them against his client's skin, and then gave the tool a sharp rap with a stick to puncture the skin and insert the pigment. Because tattooing was expensive and painful, only a small area of the body was usually decorated during each session. The wealthiest and most highly regarded chiefs and warriors attained a total body tattooing.

Question 3

Discuss the ways in which the various cultures of the Pacific and the Americas believed that they could interact with the spirit world.

Accepted Answer

The Pacific culture connected with the religious belief known as Dreamtime, which includes the distant past when ancestral beings emerged from the earth. Polynesian people believed certain materials were sacred to the gods, among them feathers. Names were invoked while weaving garments, imbuing them with protective spiritual power. The architecture of the meetinghouses of the Maori people embodies the continuing presence of ancestors and the protective power of the gods. Mayan bloodletting and the visions it produced seem to have been the ruler's way to communicate with the spirits and gods. North American Indians made Kachina dolls, which were believed to contain some of the power of the spirit they represented. The Navajo adapted aspects of Pueblo religious beliefs, including the practice of making spirit beings manifest through masks.

Question 4

A culture whose speech was rich in metaphors was the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Anazasi. 
B)  Mayan. 
C)  Aztec. 
D)  Olmec. 
E)  Moche. 
A)  Anazasi. 
B)  Mayan. 
C)  Aztec. 
D)  Olmec. 
E)  Moche.

Question 5

Compare and contrast the uses of masks in the Americas with that in Africa, making reference to specific works to support your statements.

Accepted Answer

Responses will vary depending the select

Question 6

The term "pre-Columbian" is currently questioned as a description of cultures in the Americas before the arrival of Columbus because:

Accepted Answer

A)  recent historical discoveries indicate that Columbus was never in the "new world." 
B)  some of the cultures referred to by this term continued after Columbus's arrival. 
C)  the cultures did not think of themselves as coming "before" anything. 
D)  the actual time of the arrival of Columbus is disputed. 
E)  other descendants of the cultures prefer to be identified by the names of other conquerors. 
A)  recent historical discoveries indicate that Columbus was never in the "new world." 
B)  some of the cultures referred to by this term continued after Columbus's arrival. 
C)  the cultures did not think of themselves as coming "before" anything. 
D)  the actual time of the arrival of Columbus is disputed. 
E)  other descendants of the cultures prefer to be identified by the names of other conquerors.

Question 7

The Tairona ornament made of tumbaga was fashioned using the technique of:

Accepted Answer

A)  stone carving. 
B)  lost-wax casting. 
C)  wood carving. 
D)  clay coiling. 
E)  basket weaving. 
A)  stone carving. 
B)  lost-wax casting. 
C)  wood carving. 
D)  clay coiling. 
E)  basket weaving.

Question 8

The ability to decipher Mayan writing has shifted our understanding of Mayan art. Whereas scholars previously believed Mayan art's purpose was to ________, they now believe it to have been ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  depict historic images; purely concerned with beauty 
B)  display dream imagery and monsters; focused upon the everyday life of ordinary people 
C)  present stories of the gods; almost entirely concerned with history 
D)  celebrate the glories of rulers of the past; a symbolic representation of a complex legal system 
E)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  depict historic images; purely concerned with beauty 
B)  display dream imagery and monsters; focused upon the everyday life of ordinary people 
C)  present stories of the gods; almost entirely concerned with history 
D)  celebrate the glories of rulers of the past; a symbolic representation of a complex legal system 
E)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 9

The monumental sculptures of Easter Island:

Accepted Answer

A)  are explained in detail in stone tablets inset in the base of each figure. 
B)  were carved from the trunks of giant trees brought to the island on barges. 
C)  depict the animal gods of an ancient cosmology. 
D)  were carved from volcanic stone in the island's mountains. 
E)  were arranged in circles facing inward, perhaps representing a gathering of rulers. 
A)  are explained in detail in stone tablets inset in the base of each figure. 
B)  were carved from the trunks of giant trees brought to the island on barges. 
C)  depict the animal gods of an ancient cosmology. 
D)  were carved from volcanic stone in the island's mountains. 
E)  were arranged in circles facing inward, perhaps representing a gathering of rulers.

Question 10

Like the ziggurats of Mesopotamia, ____________ pyramids were symbolically understood as mountains.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mesoamerican 
B)  Polynesian 
C)  North American 
D)  Australian 
E)  South American 
A)  Mesoamerican 
B)  Polynesian 
C)  North American 
D)  Australian 
E)  South American

Question 11

Consider the ways in which the artists of early cultures in the Pacific and the Americas used the materials in their natural environment to create their art. How does this aspect of their art relate to their cultural beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Polynesian people believed certain mater

Question 12

A kiva is a large, underground ceremonial chamber of the ________ people.

Accepted Answer

A)  Anasazi 
B)  Moche 
C)  Crow 
D)  Tairona 
E)  Maori 
A)  Anasazi 
B)  Moche 
C)  Crow 
D)  Tairona 
E)  Maori

Question 13

The Aborigines of Australia:

Accepted Answer

A)  arrived by sea as early as 50,000 years ago from Southeast Asia. 
B)  crossed a land bridge from New Zealand 3,000 years ago. 
C)  no longer exist. 
D)  have returned to Malaysia and Indonesia. 
E)  developed large urban centers. 
A)  arrived by sea as early as 50,000 years ago from Southeast Asia. 
B)  crossed a land bridge from New Zealand 3,000 years ago. 
C)  no longer exist. 
D)  have returned to Malaysia and Indonesia. 
E)  developed large urban centers.

Question 14

Masks and masking played important roles in some Indian cultures. The Kwakiutl mask called Crooked Beak:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a symbol for victory in war and games. 
B)  is one of the guardians of the stars. 
C)  appears in monthly dance rituals curing the sick. 
D)  brings abundance in the coming harvest. 
E)  is one of four monstrous beings who eat human flesh. 
A)  is a symbol for victory in war and games. 
B)  is one of the guardians of the stars. 
C)  appears in monthly dance rituals curing the sick. 
D)  brings abundance in the coming harvest. 
E)  is one of four monstrous beings who eat human flesh.

Question 15

One similarity between the feather cloaks of Hawaii and the meetinghouses of the Maori people of New Zealand is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  both embody ideas about the order of society and the protective powers of the gods. 
B)  both represent human control over natural forces. 
C)  both deny the existence of an afterlife. 
D)  both commemorate important war victories. 
E)  both are used exclusively by women. 
A)  both embody ideas about the order of society and the protective powers of the gods. 
B)  both represent human control over natural forces. 
C)  both deny the existence of an afterlife. 
D)  both commemorate important war victories. 
E)  both are used exclusively by women.

Question 16

Several cultures are known collectively as the "mound builders." The most famous of the mounds still visible is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Spiral Jetty. 
B)  the Serpent Mound. 
C)  the Crouching Dog Mound. 
D)  the Pyramid of the Sun. 
E)  the Mound of Venus. 
A)  Spiral Jetty. 
B)  the Serpent Mound. 
C)  the Crouching Dog Mound. 
D)  the Pyramid of the Sun. 
E)  the Mound of Venus.

Question 17

The Moche of South America left a substantial record of art that includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  rice-paper scrolls depicting court scenes. 
B)  hundreds of huge stone sculptures commonly depicting fierce owls. 
C)  intricately painted ornamental eggs. 
D)  a small temple with a completely gold-lined interior chamber. 
E)  tens of thousands of ceramic objects, often depicting kneeling warriors. 
A)  rice-paper scrolls depicting court scenes. 
B)  hundreds of huge stone sculptures commonly depicting fierce owls. 
C)  intricately painted ornamental eggs. 
D)  a small temple with a completely gold-lined interior chamber. 
E)  tens of thousands of ceramic objects, often depicting kneeling warriors.

Question 18

The use of gold in the Americas was:

Accepted Answer

A)  first developed in Peru. 
B)  confined to Central America and Mesoamerica. 
C)  introduced by the Spanish conquistadors. 
D)  mainly in the form of coins. 
E)  nonexistent until modern times. 
A)  first developed in Peru. 
B)  confined to Central America and Mesoamerica. 
C)  introduced by the Spanish conquistadors. 
D)  mainly in the form of coins. 
E)  nonexistent until modern times.

Question 19

Consider these works: the kachina doll of the Zuni culture; Lipundja's Djalambu; and the pendant depicting a ruler of the Tairona culture. Discuss their purposes in the context of the spiritual beliefs of their respective cultures. Discuss the views of the relationships between the living and the dead that these works represent.

Accepted Answer

North American Hopi and Zuni Indians mad

Question 20

One god in the Aztec pantheon was Quetzalcoatl, who played an important role in the survival of this culture by:

Accepted Answer

A)  building the city of Teotihuacán. 
B)  communicating to leaders through animal spirits. 
C)  facilitating the domestication of animals. 
D)  bringing rain and water through windstorms. 
E)  protecting the Aztec people from other, less-friendly gods. 
A)  building the city of Teotihuacán. 
B)  communicating to leaders through animal spirits. 
C)  facilitating the domestication of animals. 
D)  bringing rain and water through windstorms. 
E)  protecting the Aztec people from other, less-friendly gods.

Exam 20: Arts of the Pacific and of the Americas

In the Tolai spirit society known as duk duk, the duk duk are:

Discuss the art of tattooing, the culture that practiced it, the process, and how it was considered a sacred act.

Discuss the ways in which the various cultures of the Pacific and the Americas believed that they could interact with the spirit world.

A culture whose speech was rich in metaphors was the:

Compare and contrast the uses of masks in the Americas with that in Africa, making reference to specific works to support your statements.

The term "pre-Columbian" is currently questioned as a description of cultures in the Americas before the arrival of Columbus because:

The Tairona ornament made of tumbaga was fashioned using the technique of:

The ability to decipher Mayan writing has shifted our understanding of Mayan art. Whereas scholars previously believed Mayan art's purpose was to ________, they now believe it to have been ________.

The monumental sculptures of Easter Island:

Like the ziggurats of Mesopotamia, ____________ pyramids were symbolically understood as mountains.

Consider the ways in which the artists of early cultures in the Pacific and the Americas used the materials in their natural environment to create their art. How does this aspect of their art relate to their cultural beliefs?

A kiva is a large, underground ceremonial chamber of the ________ people.

The Aborigines of Australia:

Masks and masking played important roles in some Indian cultures. The Kwakiutl mask called Crooked Beak:

One similarity between the feather cloaks of Hawaii and the meetinghouses of the Maori people of New Zealand is that:

Several cultures are known collectively as the "mound builders." The most famous of the mounds still visible is:

The Moche of South America left a substantial record of art that includes:

The use of gold in the Americas was:

One god in the Aztec pantheon was Quetzalcoatl, who played an important role in the survival of this culture by:

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The ability to decipher Mayan writing has shifted our understanding of Mayan art. Whereas scholars previously believed Mayan art's purpose was to , they now believe it to have been .