Question 1

The term pantokrater, used in the title of the mosaic Christ as the Pantokater, is Greek for:

Accepted Answer

A)  ruler of all. 
B)  gentle. 
C)  awe-inspiring. 
D)  holy. 
E)  savior. 
A)  ruler of all. 
B)  gentle. 
C)  awe-inspiring. 
D)  holy. 
E)  savior. A

Question 2

Because Christianity emphasized congregational worship, a fundamental change in the ________ was needed.

Accepted Answer

A)  architectural design of places of worship 
B)  iconography of the church 
C)  placement of the altar 
D)  hierarchy of the gods 
E)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  architectural design of places of worship 
B)  iconography of the church 
C)  placement of the altar 
D)  hierarchy of the gods 
E)  All of these answers are correct. A

Question 3

Explain the function of jamb statues in cathedrals and compare the stylistic transition of these statues located in the west façade and south transept of Chartres Cathedral.

Accepted Answer

In the Middle Ages a function of sculpture was to embellish architecture. Over two thousand carved figures decorate the exterior of Chartres, were concentrated principally around entryways or door jambs, and were referred to as jamb statues. They serve as a conceptual transition between the secular, everyday world and the sacred space within. Created at different times, the stylistic transition from Romanesque to Gothic is obvious. On the west façade, the Romanesque style can be seen in the elongated, flattened bodies of the 12^th-century carvings, with the linear folds of the draperies not so much sculpted as incised, as if drawn into the stone with a chisel. It is difficult to believe that there are actual bodies under the draped clothing. Carved a hundred years later, the statues on the south transept display the mature Gothic style. Compared to the bodies on the north façade, the bodies here are more fully rounded and appear to be further detached from their architectural supports. A sense of musculature is evident, with the draped clothing suggesting there is a body underneath.

Question 4

The art and architecture of the high Middle Ages is generally divided into two periods, the ________ and the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Romanesque; Carolingian 
B)  Renaissance; Gothic 
C)  Romanesque; Gothic 
D)  Romanesque; Renaissance 
E)  Gothic; Carolingian 
A)  Romanesque; Carolingian 
B)  Renaissance; Gothic 
C)  Romanesque; Gothic 
D)  Romanesque; Renaissance 
E)  Gothic; Carolingian

Question 5

The technique in which colored yarns are sewn to an existing woven background is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  interlace. 
B)  embroidery. 
C)  tempera. 
D)  tapestry. 
E)  gouache. 
A)  interlace. 
B)  embroidery. 
C)  tempera. 
D)  tapestry. 
E)  gouache.

Question 6

Duccio and Giotto were two artists whose innovations in ________ greatly influenced Renaissance painting styles.

Accepted Answer

A)  basing their works on religious traditions 
B)  introducing a flat, decorative space 
C)  exploring classical subject matter 
D)  creating figures and settings with an increased naturalism 
E)  Gothic sculpture 
A)  basing their works on religious traditions 
B)  introducing a flat, decorative space 
C)  exploring classical subject matter 
D)  creating figures and settings with an increased naturalism 
E)  Gothic sculpture

Question 7

Consider the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, and the west façade of Chartres Cathedral. Identify the style of each of these structures and describe the characteristics that make each one typical of its style.

Accepted Answer

A church in the early Byzantine style is

Question 8

All the following are features of Romanesque architecture EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  thick stone walls. 
B)  barrel-vaulted stone ceilings. 
C)  overall massiveness. 
D)  large windows of stained glass. 
E)  round arches. 
A)  thick stone walls. 
B)  barrel-vaulted stone ceilings. 
C)  overall massiveness. 
D)  large windows of stained glass. 
E)  round arches.

Question 9

Consider the Sutton Hoo purse cover pictured in the text. Discuss this work with reference to the site in which it was found, the culture in which it was created, the artistic style it represents, and the materials used in its creation.

Accepted Answer

Sutton Hoo was located on the island of

Question 10

The mosaic Christ as the Sun exemplifies early Christian artists' appropriation of ________ iconography.

Accepted Answer

A)  Egyptian 
B)  Greek 
C)  Islamic 
D)  Roman 
E)  both Greek and Roman 
A)  Egyptian 
B)  Greek 
C)  Islamic 
D)  Roman 
E)  both Greek and Roman

Question 11

The ________ is the walkway directly in front of a church that serves as the entry porch.

Accepted Answer

A)  nave 
B)  clerestory 
C)  narthex 
D)  apse 
E)  transept 
A)  nave 
B)  clerestory 
C)  narthex 
D)  apse 
E)  transept

Question 12

The walled, upward extension of the nave that is pierced with windows is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  nave. 
B)  clerestory. 
C)  narthex. 
D)  apse. 
E)  transept. 
A)  nave. 
B)  clerestory. 
C)  narthex. 
D)  apse. 
E)  transept.

Question 13

Gothic cathedrals are known especially for:

Accepted Answer

A)  the privacy and intimacy of their interior spaces. 
B)  their stained glass windows. 
C)  their heavy Romanesque walls. 
D)  their idyllic French countryside locations. 
E)  rounded arches and symmetrical towers. 
A)  the privacy and intimacy of their interior spaces. 
B)  their stained glass windows. 
C)  their heavy Romanesque walls. 
D)  their idyllic French countryside locations. 
E)  rounded arches and symmetrical towers.

Question 14

Compare and contrast Romanesque and Gothic styles, citing specific structures to illustrate your points.

Accepted Answer

The High Middle Ages were marked by a bu

Question 15

The gold-hammered vessel set with gems that contained the remains of Saint Foy is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  sarcophagus. 
B)  tomb. 
C)  reliquary. 
D)  icon. 
E)  mosaic. 
A)  sarcophagus. 
B)  tomb. 
C)  reliquary. 
D)  icon. 
E)  mosaic.

Question 16

The Abbey Church of Saint-Foy is one of the earliest ________ churches ever built.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gothic 
B)  Romanesque 
C)  High Renaissance 
D)  Carolingian 
E)  post-and-beam 
A)  Gothic 
B)  Romanesque 
C)  High Renaissance 
D)  Carolingian 
E)  post-and-beam

Question 17

The cross-shaped floor plan of a church is formed by the combined shapes of the nave and the:

Accepted Answer

A)  aisles. 
B)  clerestory. 
C)  narthex. 
D)  apse. 
E)  transept. 
A)  aisles. 
B)  clerestory. 
C)  narthex. 
D)  apse. 
E)  transept.

Question 18

The transition from Romanesque to Gothic style can be seen in the ________ at Chartres Cathedral.

Accepted Answer

A)  architecture 
B)  reliquaries 
C)  mosaics 
D)  sculpture 
E)  architecture and sculpture 
A)  architecture 
B)  reliquaries 
C)  mosaics 
D)  sculpture 
E)  architecture and sculpture

Question 19

Architects of Romanesque churches began installing ________ around the apse, which allowed the overflow of pilgrims to circulate freely around the interior of the church.

Accepted Answer

A)  scaffolding 
B)  ambulatories 
C)  underground walkways 
D)  transepts 
E)  barrel vaulting 
A)  scaffolding 
B)  ambulatories 
C)  underground walkways 
D)  transepts 
E)  barrel vaulting

Question 20

What purpose is served by the carved figures that adorn the entryways at Chartres Cathedral?

Accepted Answer

A)  They serve as reminders that one is entering a sacred space. 
B)  They are structural, holding up the archways above the doors. 
C)  They form a narrative, telling the story of Sainte Foy. 
D)  They are purely decorative, serving no real purpose. 
E)  They form a narrative but are purely decorative. 
A)  They serve as reminders that one is entering a sacred space. 
B)  They are structural, holding up the archways above the doors. 
C)  They form a narrative, telling the story of Sainte Foy. 
D)  They are purely decorative, serving no real purpose. 
E)  They form a narrative but are purely decorative.

Exam 15: Christianity and the Formation of Europe

The term pantokrater, used in the title of the mosaic Christ as the Pantokater, is Greek for:

Because Christianity emphasized congregational worship, a fundamental change in the ________ was needed.

Explain the function of jamb statues in cathedrals and compare the stylistic transition of these statues located in the west façade and south transept of Chartres Cathedral.

The art and architecture of the high Middle Ages is generally divided into two periods, the ________ and the ________.

The technique in which colored yarns are sewn to an existing woven background is called:

Duccio and Giotto were two artists whose innovations in ________ greatly influenced Renaissance painting styles.

Consider the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, and the west façade of Chartres Cathedral. Identify the style of each of these structures and describe the characteristics that make each one typical of its style.

All the following are features of Romanesque architecture EXCEPT:

Consider the Sutton Hoo purse cover pictured in the text. Discuss this work with reference to the site in which it was found, the culture in which it was created, the artistic style it represents, and the materials used in its creation.

The mosaic Christ as the Sun exemplifies early Christian artists' appropriation of ________ iconography.

The ________ is the walkway directly in front of a church that serves as the entry porch.

The walled, upward extension of the nave that is pierced with windows is called the:

Gothic cathedrals are known especially for:

Compare and contrast Romanesque and Gothic styles, citing specific structures to illustrate your points.

The gold-hammered vessel set with gems that contained the remains of Saint Foy is called a:

The Abbey Church of Saint-Foy is one of the earliest ________ churches ever built.

The cross-shaped floor plan of a church is formed by the combined shapes of the nave and the:

The transition from Romanesque to Gothic style can be seen in the ________ at Chartres Cathedral.

Architects of Romanesque churches began installing ________ around the apse, which allowed the overflow of pilgrims to circulate freely around the interior of the church.

What purpose is served by the carved figures that adorn the entryways at Chartres Cathedral?

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