Question 1

Leptin is

Accepted Answer

A)  a digestive enzyme. 
B)  a cofactor for fatty acid oxidation. 
C)  an obesity gene. 
D)  a zymogen. 
E)  a hormone stored in fat cells. 
A)  a digestive enzyme. 
B)  a cofactor for fatty acid oxidation. 
C)  an obesity gene. 
D)  a zymogen. 
E)  a hormone stored in fat cells.

Question 2

Which step is found in the breakdown of a fat?

Accepted Answer

A)  an activation that requires 1 ATP. 
B)  an oxidation with a cytochrome. 
C)  an oxidation with CoQ. 
D)  direct substrate phosphorylation. 
E)  production of pyruvate. 
A)  an activation that requires 1 ATP. 
B)  an oxidation with a cytochrome. 
C)  an oxidation with CoQ. 
D)  direct substrate phosphorylation. 
E)  production of pyruvate.

Question 3

The complete oxidation of CH3(CH₂)8COOH produces __________ molecules of ATP.

Accepted Answer

A)  80 
B)  78 
C)  82 
D)  74 
E)  76 
A)  80 
B)  78 
C)  82 
D)  74 
E)  76

Question 4

The small droplets of fat that are the first step in the digestion of dietary fats are called

Accepted Answer

A)  emulsions. 
B)  detergents. 
C)  bile drops. 
D)  lipoproteins. 
E)  micelles. 
A)  emulsions. 
B)  detergents. 
C)  bile drops. 
D)  lipoproteins. 
E)  micelles.

Question 5

Fatty acids are not a source of energy for the brain because

Accepted Answer

A)  they cannot diffuse across the blood-brain barrier. 
B)  the citric acid cycle does not operate in the brain. 
C)  chylomicrons are too large for absorption by brain cells. 
D)  they are metabolized before they get as far as the brain. 
E)  there is no lipase in the brain. 
A)  they cannot diffuse across the blood-brain barrier. 
B)  the citric acid cycle does not operate in the brain. 
C)  chylomicrons are too large for absorption by brain cells. 
D)  they are metabolized before they get as far as the brain. 
E)  there is no lipase in the brain.

Question 6

Fatty acids can be used in the brain as an energy source.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Identify each of the following metabolic pathways.
-a carrier of 2-carbon units in fatty acid degradation

Accepted Answer

A)  chylomicrons 
B)  FAD 
C)  GTP 
D)  acidosis 
E)  essential amino acid
F) β oxidation
G) transaminated amino acid
H) ketone bodies
I) Coenzyme A
J) a ketogenic amino acid
K) a glucogenic amino acid
L) ATP
M) alkalosis 
A)  chylomicrons 
B)  FAD 
C)  GTP 
D)  acidosis 
E)  essential amino acid
F) β oxidation
G) transaminated amino acid
H) ketone bodies
I) Coenzyme A
J) a ketogenic amino acid
K) a glucogenic amino acid
L) ATP
M) alkalosis

Question 8

All of the nonessential amino acids can be synthesized in the body by transamination, using an amino group from

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamic acid. 
B)  α-ketoglutaric acid. 
C)  pyruvic acid. 
D)  oxaloacetate. 
E)  lactic acid. 
A)  glutamic acid. 
B)  α-ketoglutaric acid. 
C)  pyruvic acid. 
D)  oxaloacetate. 
E)  lactic acid.

Question 9

In the activation of a fatty acid, energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  form a double bond in an oxidation reaction. 
B)  join the fatty acid to CoA. 
C)  add a molecule of water across a double bond to give a hydroxyl group on the β carbon. 
D)  oxidize the hydroxyl group on the β carbon. 
E)  cause a unit of acetyl CoA to separate from the fatty acid chain. 
A)  form a double bond in an oxidation reaction. 
B)  join the fatty acid to CoA. 
C)  add a molecule of water across a double bond to give a hydroxyl group on the β carbon. 
D)  oxidize the hydroxyl group on the β carbon. 
E)  cause a unit of acetyl CoA to separate from the fatty acid chain.

Question 10

In the urea cycle, argininosuccinase catalyzes the reaction of arginosuccunate to

Accepted Answer

A)  citurulline. 
B)  carbomyl phosphate. 
C)  orthinine. 
D)  arginine. 
E)  arginase. 
A)  citurulline. 
B)  carbomyl phosphate. 
C)  orthinine. 
D)  arginine. 
E)  arginase.

Question 11

Fat cells are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosomes. 
B)  adipocytes. 
C)  glycerides. 
D)  islet cells. 
E)  monoacylglycerols. 
A)  lysosomes. 
B)  adipocytes. 
C)  glycerides. 
D)  islet cells. 
E)  monoacylglycerols.

Question 12

Which metabolic substrate can be produced from the carbon atoms in the amino acid lysine?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate 
B)  succinyl CoA 
C)  acetoacetyl CoA 
D)  fumarate 
A)  pyruvate 
B)  succinyl CoA 
C)  acetoacetyl CoA 
D)  fumarate

Question 13

The letters ACP stand for

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl Coenzyme P. 
B)  aconitate protein complex. 
C)  acetyl condensing protein. 
D)  acyl carrier protein. 
E)  acetyl CoA-palmitate. 
A)  acetyl Coenzyme P. 
B)  aconitate protein complex. 
C)  acetyl condensing protein. 
D)  acyl carrier protein. 
E)  acetyl CoA-palmitate.

Question 14

The 2-carbon units obtained by degradation of a fatty acid are further metabolized in

Accepted Answer

A)  gluconeogenesis. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  β oxidation. 
D)  glycolysis. 
E)  transamination. 
A)  gluconeogenesis. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  β oxidation. 
D)  glycolysis. 
E)  transamination.

Question 15

The overall process of synthesizing and breaking down proteins is called protein turnover.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In a(n) __________ reaction, NH4+is produced when glutamate is converted to α-ketoglutarate.

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydrogenation 
B)  transamination 
C)  oxidative deamination 
D)  reduction 
E)  hydration 
A)  dehydrogenation 
B)  transamination 
C)  oxidative deamination 
D)  reduction 
E)  hydration

Question 17

A ten carbon saturated fatty acid will produce five acetyl CoAs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Protein digestion begins in the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The nitrogen for nucleotide synthesis comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  fats. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  DNA. 
E)  RNA. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  fats. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  DNA. 
E)  RNA.

Question 20

The digestion of fats begins in the

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  small intestine. 
D)  large intestine. 
E)  pancreas. 
A)  mouth. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  small intestine. 
D)  large intestine. 
E)  pancreas.

Exam 24: Metabolic Pathways for Lipids and Amino Acids

Leptin is

Which step is found in the breakdown of a fat?

The complete oxidation of CH3(CH₂)8COOH produces __________ molecules of ATP.

The small droplets of fat that are the first step in the digestion of dietary fats are called

Fatty acids are not a source of energy for the brain because

Fatty acids can be used in the brain as an energy source.

Identify each of the following metabolic pathways. -a carrier of 2-carbon units in fatty acid degradation

All of the nonessential amino acids can be synthesized in the body by transamination, using an amino group from

In the activation of a fatty acid, energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to

In the urea cycle, argininosuccinase catalyzes the reaction of arginosuccunate to

Fat cells are known as

Which metabolic substrate can be produced from the carbon atoms in the amino acid lysine?

The letters ACP stand for

The 2-carbon units obtained by degradation of a fatty acid are further metabolized in

The overall process of synthesizing and breaking down proteins is called protein turnover.

In a(n) __________ reaction, NH4+is produced when glutamate is converted to α-ketoglutarate.

A ten carbon saturated fatty acid will produce five acetyl CoAs.

Protein digestion begins in the small intestine.

The nitrogen for nucleotide synthesis comes from

The digestion of fats begins in the

Chemistry and Measurements

Energy and Matter

Atoms and Elements

Nuclear Chemistry

Compounds and Their Bonds

Chemical Reactions and Quantities

Gases

Solutions

Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

Carbohydrates

Carboxylic Acids and Esters

Lipids

Amines and Amides

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates

Metabolism and Energy Production

Filters

The complete oxidation of CH₃(CH₂)₈COOH produces __________ molecules of ATP.

In a(n) __________ reaction, NH₄+is produced when glutamate is converted to α-ketoglutarate.