Question 1

The phylogenetic species concept defines a species as

Accepted Answer

A)  the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor. 
B)  an ecological niche, interacting with living and nonliving parts of their environment. 
C)  a body shape and other structural features. 
D)  a reproductive isolation. 
A)  the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor. 
B)  an ecological niche, interacting with living and nonliving parts of their environment. 
C)  a body shape and other structural features. 
D)  a reproductive isolation.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept, is (are) correct?
I. Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation.
II. Biological species are the models used for grouping extinct forms of life.
III. The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful interbreeding is possible.

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II 
B)  I and III 
C)  II and III 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  I and II 
B)  I and III 
C)  II and III 
D)  I, II, and III

Question 3

The origin of a new plant species by hybridization, coupled with accidents during cell division, is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  autopolyploidy. 
D)  habitat selection. 
A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  autopolyploidy. 
D)  habitat selection.

Question 4

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
On the Bahamian island of Andros, mosquitofish populations live in various, now-isolated, freshwater ponds that were once united. Currently, some predator-rich ponds have mosquitofish that can swim in short, fast bursts; other predator-poor ponds have mosquitofish that can swim continuously for a long time. When placed together in the same body of water, the two kinds of female mosquitofish exhibit exclusive breeding preferences.
-If one builds a canal linking a predator-rich pond to a predator-poor pond, then what type of selection should subsequently be most expected among the mosquitofish in the original predator-rich pond, and what type should be most expected among the mosquitofish in the formerly predator-poor pond?

Accepted Answer

A)  stabilizing selection; directional selection 
B)  stabilizing selection; stabilizing selection 
C)  less-intense directional selection; more-intense directional selection 
D)  less-intense disruptive selection; more-intense disruptive selection 
A)  stabilizing selection; directional selection 
B)  stabilizing selection; stabilizing selection 
C)  less-intense directional selection; more-intense directional selection 
D)  less-intense disruptive selection; more-intense disruptive selection

Question 5

The following question(s) refer to the evolutionary tree in Figure 22.4, whose horizontal axis represents time (present time is on the far right) and whose vertical axis represents morphological change.   Figure 22.4
-  Figure 22.7
Two models for the speed of speciation are based on patterns in the fossil record. Which of the following statements describes the gradual model of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species steadily diverge from one another. 
B)  New species change suddenly. 
C)  Periods of stasis are punctuated by change. 
D)  There is absence of intermediate fossils. 
A)  Species steadily diverge from one another. 
B)  New species change suddenly. 
C)  Periods of stasis are punctuated by change. 
D)  There is absence of intermediate fossils.

Question 6

You are confronted with a box of preserved grasshoppers of various species that are new to science and have not been described. Your assignment is to separate them into species. There is no accompanying information as to where or when they were collected. Which species concept will you have to use?

Accepted Answer

A)  biological 
B)  phylogenetic 
C)  ecological 
D)  morphological 
A)  biological 
B)  phylogenetic 
C)  ecological 
D)  morphological

Question 7

A species is a member of a group called a population,

Accepted Answer

A)  whose members have the ability to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring. 
B)  whose members have the ability to interbreed but do not produce viable offspring. 
C)  which are reproductively incompatible. 
D)  which are distinct biological species that live in the same area. 
A)  whose members have the ability to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring. 
B)  whose members have the ability to interbreed but do not produce viable offspring. 
C)  which are reproductively incompatible. 
D)  which are distinct biological species that live in the same area.

Exam 22: The Origin of Species

The phylogenetic species concept defines a species as

The origin of a new plant species by hybridization, coupled with accidents during cell division, is an example of

You are confronted with a box of preserved grasshoppers of various species that are new to science and have not been described. Your assignment is to separate them into species. There is no accompanying information as to where or when they were collected. Which species concept will you have to use?

A species is a member of a group called a population,

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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