Question 1

Small swollen areas in the neck, groin, and axillary region are associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activity of the immune system. 
B)  a broken limb. 
C)  blood sugar that is abnormally high. 
D)  dehydration. 
E)  sodium depletion. 
A)  increased activity of the immune system. 
B)  a broken limb. 
C)  blood sugar that is abnormally high. 
D)  dehydration. 
E)  sodium depletion.

Question 2

If, during protein starvation, the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds drops below the hydrostatic pressure, then

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin will not release oxygen. 
B)  fluids will tend to accumulate in tissues. 
C)  the pH of the interstitial fluids will increase. 
D)  most carbon dioxide will be bound to hemoglobin and carried away from tissues. 
E)  plasma proteins will escape through the endothelium of the capillaries. 
A)  hemoglobin will not release oxygen. 
B)  fluids will tend to accumulate in tissues. 
C)  the pH of the interstitial fluids will increase. 
D)  most carbon dioxide will be bound to hemoglobin and carried away from tissues. 
E)  plasma proteins will escape through the endothelium of the capillaries.

Question 3

A significant increase in the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of a human's lungs will cause

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the lungs. 
B)  an increase in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood. 
C)  a decrease in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood. 
D)  an increase of pressure that would cause the capillary beds to burst. 
E)  a decrease in the amount of work needed for effective ventilation of the lungs. 
A)  an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the lungs. 
B)  an increase in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood. 
C)  a decrease in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood. 
D)  an increase of pressure that would cause the capillary beds to burst. 
E)  a decrease in the amount of work needed for effective ventilation of the lungs.

Question 4

When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes first leads to the urge to breathe?

Accepted Answer

A)  rising O₂ 
B)  falling O₂ 
C)  rising CO₂ 
D)  falling CO₂ 
A)  rising O₂ 
B)  falling O₂ 
C)  rising CO₂ 
D)  falling CO₂

Question 5

In which of the following animals would you expect to find high concentrations of myoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  snake 
B)  frog 
C)  tiger 
D)  whale 
A)  snake 
B)  frog 
C)  tiger 
D)  whale

Question 6

In order to fly over Mount Everest, bar-headed geese must fly higher and increase their altitude. What will happen in bar-headed geese as they increase their altitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  More oxygen molecules will bind to hemoglobin. 
B)  Fewer oxygen molecules will bind to hemoglobin. 
C)  Carbon dioxide molecules will bind to hemoglobin instead of oxygen. 
D)  The number of oxygen molecules bound to hemoglobin will not change. 
A)  More oxygen molecules will bind to hemoglobin. 
B)  Fewer oxygen molecules will bind to hemoglobin. 
C)  Carbon dioxide molecules will bind to hemoglobin instead of oxygen. 
D)  The number of oxygen molecules bound to hemoglobin will not change.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in reptiles and mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation 
B)  right ventricle → pulmonary vein → pulmocutaneous circulation 
C)  pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
D)  vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
E)  right atrium → pulmonary artery → left atrium → ventricle 
A)  left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation 
B)  right ventricle → pulmonary vein → pulmocutaneous circulation 
C)  pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
D)  vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
E)  right atrium → pulmonary artery → left atrium → ventricle

Question 8

The set of blood vessels with the slowest velocity of blood flow is

Accepted Answer

A)  the arteries. 
B)  the arterioles. 
C)  the venules. 
D)  the capillaries. 
E)  the veins. 
A)  the arteries. 
B)  the arterioles. 
C)  the venules. 
D)  the capillaries. 
E)  the veins.

Question 9

Blood pH and cerebrospinal fluid pH are affected by carbon dioxide content. This enables the organism to sense a disturbance in gas levels as

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain directly measures and monitors carbon dioxide and causes breathing changes accordingly. 
B)  the medulla oblongata, which is in contact with cerebrospinal fluid, monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing. 
C)  the brain alters the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid to force the animal to retain more or less carbon dioxide. 
D)  the lungs sense changes in oxygen concentration, which causes the medulla oblongata to speed up or slow breathing. 
E)  the medulla oblongata is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood. 
A)  the brain directly measures and monitors carbon dioxide and causes breathing changes accordingly. 
B)  the medulla oblongata, which is in contact with cerebrospinal fluid, monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing. 
C)  the brain alters the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid to force the animal to retain more or less carbon dioxide. 
D)  the lungs sense changes in oxygen concentration, which causes the medulla oblongata to speed up or slow breathing. 
E)  the medulla oblongata is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood.

Question 10

A human red blood cell in an artery of the left arm is on its way to deliver oxygen to a cell in the thumb. To travel from the artery in the arm to the left ventricle, this red blood cell must pass through

Accepted Answer

A)  one capillary bed. 
B)  two capillary beds. 
C)  three capillary beds. 
D)  four capillary beds. 
E)  five capillary beds. 
A)  one capillary bed. 
B)  two capillary beds. 
C)  three capillary beds. 
D)  four capillary beds. 
E)  five capillary beds.

Question 11

In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  annelids 
B)  molluscs 
C)  fishes 
D)  frogs 
E)  insects 
A)  annelids 
B)  molluscs 
C)  fishes 
D)  frogs 
E)  insects

Question 12

Which of the following can cause the LDL/HDL ratio to increase and thus increase the likelihood of a myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

A)  stopping smoking 
B)  eating more trans fats 
C)  exercising more 
D)  taking statin drugs 
A)  stopping smoking 
B)  eating more trans fats 
C)  exercising more 
D)  taking statin drugs

Question 13

Some human infants, especially those born prematurely, suffer serious respiratory failure because of

Accepted Answer

A)  the sudden change from the uterine environment to the air. 
B)  the overproduction of surfactants. 
C)  the incomplete development of the lung surface. 
D)  lung collapse due to inadequate production of surfactant. 
E)  mutations in the genes involved in lung formation. 
A)  the sudden change from the uterine environment to the air. 
B)  the overproduction of surfactants. 
C)  the incomplete development of the lung surface. 
D)  lung collapse due to inadequate production of surfactant. 
E)  mutations in the genes involved in lung formation.

Question 14

Why has natural selection favored the evolution of double circulation in birds and mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  because they are larger than reptiles and amphibians 
B)  because they use more energy than equivalent-sized reptiles and amphibians 
C)  because they have more viscous blood than reptiles and amphibians 
D)  because they cannot obtain as much oxygen from the air as reptiles and amphibians 
A)  because they are larger than reptiles and amphibians 
B)  because they use more energy than equivalent-sized reptiles and amphibians 
C)  because they have more viscous blood than reptiles and amphibians 
D)  because they cannot obtain as much oxygen from the air as reptiles and amphibians

Question 15

The fluid that moves around in the circulatory system of a typical arthropod is

Accepted Answer

A)  the intracellular fluid. 
B)  the blood plasma. 
C)  the cytosol. 
D)  the hemolymph. 
A)  the intracellular fluid. 
B)  the blood plasma. 
C)  the cytosol. 
D)  the hemolymph.

Question 16

Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta?

Accepted Answer

A)  systole of the left atrium 
B)  diastole of the right ventricle 
C)  systole of the left ventricle 
D)  diastole of the right atrium 
E)  diastole of the left atrium 
A)  systole of the left atrium 
B)  diastole of the right ventricle 
C)  systole of the left ventricle 
D)  diastole of the right atrium 
E)  diastole of the left atrium

Question 17

Among the following choices, which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  mouse 
B)  rabbit 
C)  human 
D)  hippopotamus 
E)  giraffe 
A)  mouse 
B)  rabbit 
C)  human 
D)  hippopotamus 
E)  giraffe

Question 18

An "internal reservoir" of oxygen in rested muscle is found in oxygen molecules bound to

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  bicarbonate ions. 
C)  carbonic acid. 
D)  actin and myosin. 
E)  myoglobin. 
A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  bicarbonate ions. 
C)  carbonic acid. 
D)  actin and myosin. 
E)  myoglobin.

Question 19

Hydrogen ions produced within human red blood cells are prevented from significantly lowering plasma pH because they bind to

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  plasma proteins. 
C)  carbon dioxide. 
D)  carbonic acid. 
A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  plasma proteins. 
C)  carbon dioxide. 
D)  carbonic acid.

Question 20

What happens to pH and breathing rate during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH decreases, which causes breathing rate to increase. 
B)  pH decreases, which causes breathing rate to decrease. 
C)  pH increases, which causes breathing rate to increase. 
D)  pH increases, which causes breathing rate to decrease. 
A)  pH decreases, which causes breathing rate to increase. 
B)  pH decreases, which causes breathing rate to decrease. 
C)  pH increases, which causes breathing rate to increase. 
D)  pH increases, which causes breathing rate to decrease.

Exam 34: Circulation and Gas Exchange

Small swollen areas in the neck, groin, and axillary region are associated with

If, during protein starvation, the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds drops below the hydrostatic pressure, then

A significant increase in the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of a human's lungs will cause

When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes first leads to the urge to breathe?

In which of the following animals would you expect to find high concentrations of myoglobin?

In order to fly over Mount Everest, bar-headed geese must fly higher and increase their altitude. What will happen in bar-headed geese as they increase their altitude?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in reptiles and mammals?

The set of blood vessels with the slowest velocity of blood flow is

Blood pH and cerebrospinal fluid pH are affected by carbon dioxide content. This enables the organism to sense a disturbance in gas levels as

A human red blood cell in an artery of the left arm is on its way to deliver oxygen to a cell in the thumb. To travel from the artery in the arm to the left ventricle, this red blood cell must pass through

In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

Which of the following can cause the LDL/HDL ratio to increase and thus increase the likelihood of a myocardial infarction?

Some human infants, especially those born prematurely, suffer serious respiratory failure because of

Why has natural selection favored the evolution of double circulation in birds and mammals?

The fluid that moves around in the circulatory system of a typical arthropod is

Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta?

Among the following choices, which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

An "internal reservoir" of oxygen in rested muscle is found in oxygen molecules bound to

Hydrogen ions produced within human red blood cells are prevented from significantly lowering plasma pH because they bind to

What happens to pH and breathing rate during exercise?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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