Exam 7: Casual Research Design: Experimentation

Time series design is a quasi-experimental design that involves periodic measurements on the dependent variable for a group of test units.

Quasi-experimental designs are useful because they can be used in cases when true experimentation cannot,and because they are quicker and less expensive.

________ refers to an extraneous variable that occurs when test units with extreme scores move closer to the average score during the course of the experiment.

________ is a statistical design in which the test units are blocked on the basis of an external variable to ensure that the various experimental and control groups are matched closely on that variable.

The conditions that must be satisfied before making causal inferences include all of the following except ________.

Factorial design is a true experimental design that is used to measure the effects of two or more independent variables at various levels and to allow for interactions between variables.

If in test marketing a new product,the researcher ensures that the product is positioned in the correct aisle in each store and obtains the right level of store acceptance and all commodity volume distribution,more than likely,the researcher used ________ to help control for extraneous variables.

The effectiveness of a test commercial (X)may be examined by broadcasting the commercial a predetermined number of times and examining the data from a preexisting test panel.Although the marketer can control the scheduling of the test commercial,it is uncertain when or whether the panel members are exposed to it.The panel members' purchases before,during,and after the campaign are examined to determine whether the test commercial has a short-term effect,a long-term effect,or no effect.A ________ design was used in this research project.

To control for extraneous variables,a researcher may conduct an experiment in an artificial environment.This enhances external validity,but it may limit the generalizability of the results,thereby reducing internal validity.

________ refers to an effect of testing occurring when a prior observation affects a latter observation.

Independent variables are the variables that measure the effect of the dependent variables on the test units.

The major weakness of the time series design is the failure to control ________.

________ is a measure of accuracy of an experiment.It measures whether the manipulation of the independent variables,or treatments,actually caused the effects on the dependent variable(s).

: X : X The above design is an example of a multiple time series design.

EG: CG: In the pretest-posttest control group design shown above,selection bias is eliminated by ________.

Which experimental design means that two groups of test units were randomly assigned to two different treatment groups at the same time,and the dependent variable was measured in the two groups simultaneously?

With experimental designs,it is possible to control for some of the other causal factors.

Concomitant variation is the extent to which a cause,X,and an effect,Y,occur together or vary together in the way predicted by the hypothesis under consideration.

In an after-the-fact examination of a situation,we can confidently rule out all other causal factors.

In the New York coupon experiment mentioned in your text,the experiment was conducted to test the effects of the face value of coupons on the likelihood of coupon redemption.Subjects were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups.One group was offered 15-cent coupons and the other 50-cent coupons for four products.During the interviews,the respondents answered questions about which brands they used and how likely they were to cash coupons of the given face value the next time they shopped.In the preceding experiment,the independent variable that was manipulated was ________.