Exam 4: The Cell

Mature red blood cells do not have a well-defined nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. What is the advantage of this characteristic?

The Mars rover Curiosity finds a living organism on the red planet. Scientists would know that it is eukaryotic and not prokaryotic if ________.

You find a strange infection in your mouth and visit your dentist. The dentist said the new organism was prokaryotic because it had ________.

A red blood cell has lost its nucleus to make more space for carrying oxygen. This is an example of ________.

If a new anesthetic were developed that entered the nerve cells efficiently, why would it be important for the substance to be lipophilic (to dissolve in lipids)?

Some drugs used in chemotherapy stop cell division by affecting the cytoskeleton. The drugs would cause functional disabilities in which of the following?

________ are microscopic prokaryotes inhabiting, among other hostile places, hot springs and very salty waters.

Compare the composition, structure, and function of cilia and flagella.

Compare and contrast passive and active transport mechanisms, and give an example of each.

Cellular structures that function in movement and consist of numerous short hairlike extensions from the cell are called ________.

A reddish chemical, lipofuscin, is found in greater quantities in cells of older people than in those from younger people. This chemical should be broken down in the cells. Which specific type of organelle is not working as well in the seniors?

Briefly explain the differences between cellular respiration and fermentation. How do these processes differ in terms of energy output for the cell?

The three types of microscopes used to look at cells and parts of cells are the transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and ________.

________ is the ingestion of large molecules and foreign substances through the phospholipid membrane.

Most of the energy used by the cell is converted to ATP in ________.