Exam 19: The Respiratory System

Gene has a sore throat with a 101°F fever, coated tonsils, and swollen glands. He should really see a doctor because the bacteria may eventually cause ________ within his body.

Many people, when they have a sinus headache, often use decongestant nasal sprays. Why are such sprays useful?

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the lungs is called ________.

During exercise, O2 is depleted in muscle tissue. What effect would this have on internal respiration?

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood plasma in the form of ________.

The process in which the intercostal muscles contract, pulling the rib cage upward and outward and causing the lungs to inflate, is called ________.

________ are tiny chambers within the lungs that allow for gas exchange.

Why is the tuberculosis bacterium so hard to treat and destroy in the body?

Exercise can trigger an asthma attack. This is especially true if someone goes for a long run on a cold morning. The two main causes of narrowing of the bronchiole passageways can be treated with drugs that act in different ways. What are the two causes of this narrowing, and how can drugs work to counteract these conditions?

What are some of the hazards of smoking? What methods might society employ to try to reduce the number of people exposed to secondhand smoke?

In a severe allergic reaction, a person's tongue can swell up, effectively blocking the air passageways. An emergency procedure can be performed to restore airflow. Basically, a hole is cut into the passageways below the blockage to allow air to flow into the lungs. What passageway would be best for the surgical hole?

Cockroach feces and shed skins can cause a severe inflammatory response in the bronchioles and muscle spasms in the bronchiole smooth muscles. This disorder is known as ________.

Influenza infections themselves are usually more annoying than deadly, but the flu can be accompanied by which of the following more serious secondary infections?

You are at a restaurant, and a man starts to choke on a piece of steak. What must be done?

The opening of the larynx is called the ________. It is covered by the epiglottis, which prevents food or objects from blocking the airway.

This is a name for a group of conditions that make it difficult to breathe. This group of conditions is most commonly caused by smoking.

Luz, a woman with a history of asthma, walked by a house and noticed that smoke was pouring out of the basement. Evidently, any smoke detector was either absent or not working because nobody in the home was reacting to the emergency. Luz banged on the front door and threw it open, screaming that there was a fire. The family immediately rushed out, but upon reaching the safety of the front lawn, one of the children said the cat was trapped inside. Luz dashed into the now smoke-filled structure, searched around, found the cat, and emerged with the frightened but safe creature. According to the chapter, what short- and long-term problems will Luz most likely have?

Why is it not advisable to take antibacterial medicines when you have a cold or the flu?

A sharp blow to the stomach can "knock the wind out of you." This temporarily paralyzes the diaphragm, making it hard to breathe. Aside from a lack of oxygen making you pass out, what effect would this have on blood pH?

Sometimes premature babies suffer from respiratory distress syndrome. What substance would you administer in a breathing tube to the infant?