Exam 22: The Urinary System

The filtration of wastes from the blood using artificial devices because of failure or impairment of the kidneys is known as ________.

Compare and contrast hemodialysis and CAPD.

Which is a hormone that reduces blood volume and pressure by pulling more water out of the blood and increases urine volume?

Relaxation of the ________ releases urine from the body.

Filtrate moves from the space within the glomerular capsule to ________, the portion of the renal tubule with microvilli.

Thick, smooth muscle located at the junction of the bladder and urethra that aids in pushing stored urine into the urethra is called the ________.

The first portion of the nephron is responsible for filtering blood and is called the ________.

In the male, an enlarged ________ gland may squeeze the urethra, causing urinary retention.

The glomerular capsule contains capillaries inside of it called the ________. Together they form the renal corpuscle.

The ________ of several nephrons empties into a single collecting duct that eventually drains into the renal pelvis.

The organs that eliminate waste from the body do not include ________.

If water were flowing from area A to area B via osmosis, through a semipermeable membrane, we might expect area B to be ________ in solute concentration compared to A.

Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions here.

________ is an active form of the protein that stimulates the adrenal gland to release aldosterone.

Describe the path of urine from the kidney to the outside. Make sure your explanation includes all structures and muscles that are encountered as urine leaves the body.

You just drank several glasses of lemonade, which is highly acidic. Which of the following will occur in your urine?

Which of these people is most likely to have kidney trauma in an accident?

Which of the following can be defined as the failure to empty urine completely from the bladder?

The functional units of the kidneys that are responsible for the formation of urine are called ________.

Suppose that your roommate is on a 48-hour fast for food and drink. This means that she has no nutrients or liquids entering her system. What would happen to her blood pressure, and why? What hormones would be triggered by the lack of incoming liquids? Explain how these hormones work and how the fast would affect her blood pressure and urine volume.