Exam 30: DNA and Biotechnology

If a mutation occurred in this area, it would not directly change the specific placement of an amino acid in the resulting polypeptide.

The process of using each strand of a DNA molecule as a template to form a new strand is called ________.

The extra sequences of nucleotides that are excised out of the mRNA prior to leaving the nucleus are called ________.

Match each definition to the correct term -The process of replacing a faulty gene with healthy functional genes.

The gene for one form of hemophilia is added to a harmless virus, and then the virus is given to someone with the hereditary disease. The virus is acting as a(n) ________.

Gene therapy is being explored as a means of permanently correcting a defective gene to cure a disease rather than to merely treat symptoms with drugs. Ideally, it would be best to correct these defective genes before a baby is even born. But if it's possible to change diseased genes, what about changing genes that regulate other characteristics, such as height or eye color? Would it be desirable to change the genes of babies for more cosmetic purposes?

This rare condition was the first to be experimentally treated with gene therapy.

Match each definition to the correct term -The science of making a living cell perform a task considered useful by humans in a controlled way.

Translation occurs at the ________ in the cell.

Match each definition to the correct term -An individual's complete set of DNA.

The process in which the mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal subunits come together during translation is called ________.

The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressing gene that prevents damaged cells from undergoing cell division. If this gene ceases to function due to a mutation, what will happen to the cell?

Both DNA and RNA polymerases must be able to copy from a template strand with great accuracy. Still, either one can make mistakes that could lead to a mutation. For which one of these polymerases would a mistake be the most serious in the long term? Explain your answer.

Genes are really just segments of DNA in patterns of As, Ts, Gs, and Cs. How does an RNA polymerase "know" where to start transcribing at the beginning of a particular gene?

Segments of DNA that increase the rate of transcription of certain genes are known as ________.

Which of the following is a method of gene amplification that involves complementary primers and uses heat to unzip DNA to make multiple copies of a particular gene?

The genetic code works only because each codon is read in a specific manner that results in the correct amino acid being placed in that particular spot. What physically places each amino acid by matching up the correct codon?

________ are small pieces of DNA separate from the bacterial chromosome.

DNA methylation and histone acetylation are considered two ________ processes.

A tRNA with a long chain of amino acids is released from the ribosome because the stop codon does not correspond with a particular anticodon that causes the tRNA to fall off, leaving only the polypeptide chain. This process is called ________.