Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  a theory of need reduction 
B)  a built-in tendency to regulate bodily conditions 
C)  the psychological representation of a need 
D)  the diffusion of fluids in a cell 
A)  a theory of need reduction 
B)  a built-in tendency to regulate bodily conditions 
C)  the psychological representation of a need 
D)  the diffusion of fluids in a cell

Question 2

There is some concern among forensic psychologists that the attention of a crime witness may be drawn to a weapon in the scene, impairing her ability to identify the perpetrator. Based on the discussion of emotion and cognition in your text, is this concern justified? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, the concern is justified. Fear or anxiety reduces the amount of information one can process. 
B)  No, the concern is not justified. Fear or anxiety broadens the focus of attention. 
C)  No, the concern is not justified. Fear or anxiety blocks one's ability to process much of anything. 
D)  Yes, the concern is justified. Fear or anxiety may narrow the focus of attention to the source of the threat. 
A)  Yes, the concern is justified. Fear or anxiety reduces the amount of information one can process. 
B)  No, the concern is not justified. Fear or anxiety broadens the focus of attention. 
C)  No, the concern is not justified. Fear or anxiety blocks one's ability to process much of anything. 
D)  Yes, the concern is justified. Fear or anxiety may narrow the focus of attention to the source of the threat.

Question 3

According to the dual-center theory, where is the "stop eating" center for feeding?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the lateral region of the hypothalamus 
B)  in the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus 
C)  in the area outside the lateral region of the hypothalamus that secretes neuropeptide Y 
D)  in the area outside the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus that secretes orexins 
A)  in the lateral region of the hypothalamus 
B)  in the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus 
C)  in the area outside the lateral region of the hypothalamus that secretes neuropeptide Y 
D)  in the area outside the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus that secretes orexins

Question 4

Think back to the "Language" chapter in your text. With which of the following statements might Benjamin Whorf agree most readily?

Accepted Answer

A)  The emotion terms in a language have little do with the emotional experience of speakers of that language. 
B)  The emotion terms in a language determine the emotional experience of speakers of that language. 
C)  The emotion terms in a language influence the ease with which speakers of that language can communicate emotional experience. 
D)  Universal emotional experiences determine the emotion terms present in a language. 
A)  The emotion terms in a language have little do with the emotional experience of speakers of that language. 
B)  The emotion terms in a language determine the emotional experience of speakers of that language. 
C)  The emotion terms in a language influence the ease with which speakers of that language can communicate emotional experience. 
D)  Universal emotional experiences determine the emotion terms present in a language.

Question 5

When research participants are simply injected with epinephrine, they report __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  no awareness of the physiological results 
B)  a relatively mild, euphoric response 
C)  an "as if" or "cold emotion" response 
D)  a feeling of intense fear or rage 
A)  no awareness of the physiological results 
B)  a relatively mild, euphoric response 
C)  an "as if" or "cold emotion" response 
D)  a feeling of intense fear or rage

Question 6

Evidence shows that people who go on "crash diets" and lose weight tend to return surprisingly rapidly to their starting weight as soon as they go off the diet. Also, dieters do not seem to lose nearly as much weight as one might expect based on caloric intake alone. These findings provide support for the idea of genetically determined bodily __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucoreceptors 
B)  neuropeptides 
C)  potentiators 
D)  set points 
A)  glucoreceptors 
B)  neuropeptides 
C)  potentiators 
D)  set points

Question 7

We often assume that aggression is inevitable. This assumption reflects an awareness that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural factors are important determinants of aggression 
B)  evolutionary and biological factors strongly influence aggression 
C)  aggression reflects an interaction between biological and cultural factors 
D)  Nature vs. nurture is a pointless question with respect to aggression 
A)  cultural factors are important determinants of aggression 
B)  evolutionary and biological factors strongly influence aggression 
C)  aggression reflects an interaction between biological and cultural factors 
D)  Nature vs. nurture is a pointless question with respect to aggression

Question 8

Nan's car is in the shop. Her friend offers to drive her 40 miles to an airport when she needs to catch a flight. Nan is receiving __________ support.

Accepted Answer

A)  tangible 
B)  emotional 
C)  instrumental 
D)  practical 
A)  tangible 
B)  emotional 
C)  instrumental 
D)  practical

Question 9

Dr. Lynch shows (a) members of a preliterate Andean culture and (b) American college students a series of photos of either Andeans or Americans displaying emotional expressions. She asks Andeans and Americans to identify the emotion displayed in each photo. Based on previous research, what might Dr. Lynch predict?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Andeans should perform less well than the Americans overall. 
B)  Participants should identify emotions accurately when they are displayed by members of their own cultural group, but not when they are displayed by members of the other group. 
C)  Participants should identify emotions accurately both when they are displayed by members of their own cultural group and when they are displayed by members of the other group. 
D)  The Americans should perform less well than the Andeans overall. 
A)  The Andeans should perform less well than the Americans overall. 
B)  Participants should identify emotions accurately when they are displayed by members of their own cultural group, but not when they are displayed by members of the other group. 
C)  Participants should identify emotions accurately both when they are displayed by members of their own cultural group and when they are displayed by members of the other group. 
D)  The Americans should perform less well than the Andeans overall.

Question 10

In the United States, the murder rate is higher in the South than in the North. You wish to demonstrate that this contrast reflects cultural variables. In the language of research methodology, mean annual temperature is a potential __________ variable in your investigation.

Accepted Answer

A)  confounding 
B)  external 
C)  independent 
D)  dependent 
A)  confounding 
B)  external 
C)  independent 
D)  dependent

Question 11

Every five years since 1970, Dr. O'Halloran has assessed the importance of a man's status and resources to women seeking a mate. In 2005, Dr. O'Halloran prepared a graph of his results. Assessment year (from 1970 to 2005) appeared along the x-axis; an index of the importance of a man's resources appeared on the y-axis. Based on your understanding of the text's discussion of mate choice, what do you think the function in the graph looked like, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  a line with a positive slope-with the rising cost of living, financial resources have become increasingly important 
B)  a line with a shallow negative slope-while cultural changes may influence the importance of certain mate selection criteria, behavior will still reflect its evolutionary heritage 
C)  a line with a steep negative slope-women have made great strides in achieving wage parity with men in recent decades, making a man's status and resources largely irrelevant to a woman 
D)  a flat line-mate selection criteria are almost entirely determined by evolutionary forces 
A)  a line with a positive slope-with the rising cost of living, financial resources have become increasingly important 
B)  a line with a shallow negative slope-while cultural changes may influence the importance of certain mate selection criteria, behavior will still reflect its evolutionary heritage 
C)  a line with a steep negative slope-women have made great strides in achieving wage parity with men in recent decades, making a man's status and resources largely irrelevant to a woman 
D)  a flat line-mate selection criteria are almost entirely determined by evolutionary forces

Question 12

Some people believe that homosexuality is a choice and that gay or lesbian parents or teachers may exert a harmful influence on children. To what extent is the empirical evidence reviewed in your text consistent with these claims?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is wholly inconsistent with these claims. 
B)  It is somewhat inconsistent with these claims. 
C)  It paints a mixed picture with respect to these claims. 
D)  It is largely consistent with these claims. 
A)  It is wholly inconsistent with these claims. 
B)  It is somewhat inconsistent with these claims. 
C)  It paints a mixed picture with respect to these claims. 
D)  It is largely consistent with these claims.

Question 13

How does sex differ from other biological motives?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trevor: "It is no different from thermoregulation, hunger, and aggression." 
B)  Vinnie: "It is inherently social." 
C)  Wendy: "It is more biological than thermoregulation, hunger, and aggression." 
D)  Yolanda: "It is more open to cultural influence than thermoregulation, hunger, and aggression." 
A)  Trevor: "It is no different from thermoregulation, hunger, and aggression." 
B)  Vinnie: "It is inherently social." 
C)  Wendy: "It is more biological than thermoregulation, hunger, and aggression." 
D)  Yolanda: "It is more open to cultural influence than thermoregulation, hunger, and aggression."

Question 14

Dr. Schmidt conducts studies that activate and direct behavior toward an individual's goals. Dr. Schmidt studies __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  personality 
B)  intelligence 
C)  cognition 
D)  motivation 
A)  personality 
B)  intelligence 
C)  cognition 
D)  motivation

Question 15

Let's say, hypothetically, that you inject the hypothalamus with a chemical making its cells insensitive to glucose. What would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)  coma 
B)  self-starvation 
C)  ravenous eating 
D)  diabetes 
A)  coma 
B)  self-starvation 
C)  ravenous eating 
D)  diabetes

Question 16

High testosterone levels in the bloodstream are associated with increased physical aggressiveness. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some human aggression bears no relationship to testosterone levels. 
B)  Testosterone is not associated with aggression in many other species, like lizards, turtles, mice, and monkeys. 
C)  Researchers have yet to show that aggressive feelings lead to an increase in the secretion of testosterone. 
D)  Aggression has also been shown to reflect high levels of the female sex hormone, estrogen. 
A)  Some human aggression bears no relationship to testosterone levels. 
B)  Testosterone is not associated with aggression in many other species, like lizards, turtles, mice, and monkeys. 
C)  Researchers have yet to show that aggressive feelings lead to an increase in the secretion of testosterone. 
D)  Aggression has also been shown to reflect high levels of the female sex hormone, estrogen.

Question 17

Your text suggests that modern-day stressors exact so great a toll in wear and tear on the body because, as compared to stressors in the evolutionary past, they:

Accepted Answer

A)  require greater effort to confront 
B)  are more chronic and uncontrollable 
C)  are more numerous 
D)  are more acute and dramatic 
A)  require greater effort to confront 
B)  are more chronic and uncontrollable 
C)  are more numerous 
D)  are more acute and dramatic

Question 18

Stuart is overweight. He goes on a starvation diet in the hopes of slimming down before graduating from college. He starts consuming about 1,000 calories a day. He loses some weight, but not nearly as much as he thought he would. What is the most likely reason for Stuart's failure to lose a great amount of weight?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stuart has a larger number of fat cells. 
B)  Stuart is probably just losing excess water, which is easily replaced. 
C)  Stuart's activity level needs to be greatly increased. 
D)  Stuart's body has compensated for this caloric reduction by reducing its metabolism. 
A)  Stuart has a larger number of fat cells. 
B)  Stuart is probably just losing excess water, which is easily replaced. 
C)  Stuart's activity level needs to be greatly increased. 
D)  Stuart's body has compensated for this caloric reduction by reducing its metabolism.

Question 19

Dr. Spielmann is reading several students' essays on aggression. Which of the following students is most accurate in describing trends in crime rates and the prevalence of warfare?

Accepted Answer

A)  Niall: "The American crime rate continues to rise. Similarly, warfare is becoming more common, having increased 50% worldwide." 
B)  Otto: "While the American crime rate continues to rise, warfare is becoming less common around the world, its prevalence having dropped by 50%." 
C)  Pat: "The prevalence of warfare worldwide has remained unchanged. In contrast, the American crime rate has fallen over the past 15 years, though this trend may be slowing or reversing." 
D)  Rosemary: "The prevalence of warfare worldwide has dropped by half. In recent years, the American crime rate has also fallen, though this trend may be slowing or even reversing." 
A)  Niall: "The American crime rate continues to rise. Similarly, warfare is becoming more common, having increased 50% worldwide." 
B)  Otto: "While the American crime rate continues to rise, warfare is becoming less common around the world, its prevalence having dropped by 50%." 
C)  Pat: "The prevalence of warfare worldwide has remained unchanged. In contrast, the American crime rate has fallen over the past 15 years, though this trend may be slowing or reversing." 
D)  Rosemary: "The prevalence of warfare worldwide has dropped by half. In recent years, the American crime rate has also fallen, though this trend may be slowing or even reversing."

Question 20

Dr. MacIntyre points out that we seek others' company for the many benefits we derive from being around people. To what extent is this assertion consistent with drive accounts of motives to belong on the one hand, and approach accounts on the other?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is consistent with both drive and approach accounts. 
B)  It contradicts both drive and approach accounts. 
C)  It is more consistent with drive than with approach accounts. 
D)  It is more consistent with approach than with drive accounts. 
A)  It is consistent with both drive and approach accounts. 
B)  It contradicts both drive and approach accounts. 
C)  It is more consistent with drive than with approach accounts. 
D)  It is more consistent with approach than with drive accounts.

What is homeostasis?

There is some concern among forensic psychologists that the attention of a crime witness may be drawn to a weapon in the scene, impairing her ability to identify the perpetrator. Based on the discussion of emotion and cognition in your text, is this concern justified? Why or why not?

According to the dual-center theory, where is the "stop eating" center for feeding?

Think back to the "Language" chapter in your text. With which of the following statements might Benjamin Whorf agree most readily?

When research participants are simply injected with epinephrine, they report __________.

We often assume that aggression is inevitable. This assumption reflects an awareness that __________.

Nan's car is in the shop. Her friend offers to drive her 40 miles to an airport when she needs to catch a flight. Nan is receiving __________ support.

In the United States, the murder rate is higher in the South than in the North. You wish to demonstrate that this contrast reflects cultural variables. In the language of research methodology, mean annual temperature is a potential __________ variable in your investigation.

Some people believe that homosexuality is a choice and that gay or lesbian parents or teachers may exert a harmful influence on children. To what extent is the empirical evidence reviewed in your text consistent with these claims?

How does sex differ from other biological motives?

Dr. Schmidt conducts studies that activate and direct behavior toward an individual's goals. Dr. Schmidt studies __________.

Let's say, hypothetically, that you inject the hypothalamus with a chemical making its cells insensitive to glucose. What would most likely result?

High testosterone levels in the bloodstream are associated with increased physical aggressiveness. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Your text suggests that modern-day stressors exact so great a toll in wear and tear on the body because, as compared to stressors in the evolutionary past, they:

Dr. Spielmann is reading several students' essays on aggression. Which of the following students is most accurate in describing trends in crime rates and the prevalence of warfare?

Dr. MacIntyre points out that we seek others' company for the many benefits we derive from being around people. To what extent is this assertion consistent with drive accounts of motives to belong on the one hand, and approach accounts on the other?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 12: Motivation and Emotion

What is homeostasis?

There is some concern among forensic psychologists that the attention of a crime witness may be drawn to a weapon in the scene, impairing her ability to identify the perpetrator. Based on the discussion of emotion and cognition in your text, is this concern justified? Why or why not?

According to the dual-center theory, where is the "stop eating" center for feeding?

Think back to the "Language" chapter in your text. With which of the following statements might Benjamin Whorf agree most readily?

When research participants are simply injected with epinephrine, they report __________.

We often assume that aggression is inevitable. This assumption reflects an awareness that __________.

Nan's car is in the shop. Her friend offers to drive her 40 miles to an airport when she needs to catch a flight. Nan is receiving __________ support.

In the United States, the murder rate is higher in the South than in the North. You wish to demonstrate that this contrast reflects cultural variables. In the language of research methodology, mean annual temperature is a potential __________ variable in your investigation.

Some people believe that homosexuality is a choice and that gay or lesbian parents or teachers may exert a harmful influence on children. To what extent is the empirical evidence reviewed in your text consistent with these claims?

How does sex differ from other biological motives?

Dr. Schmidt conducts studies that activate and direct behavior toward an individual's goals. Dr. Schmidt studies __________.

Let's say, hypothetically, that you inject the hypothalamus with a chemical making its cells insensitive to glucose. What would most likely result?

High testosterone levels in the bloodstream are associated with increased physical aggressiveness. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Your text suggests that modern-day stressors exact so great a toll in wear and tear on the body because, as compared to stressors in the evolutionary past, they:

Dr. Spielmann is reading several students' essays on aggression. Which of the following students is most accurate in describing trends in crime rates and the prevalence of warfare?

Dr. MacIntyre points out that we seek others' company for the many benefits we derive from being around people. To what extent is this assertion consistent with drive accounts of motives to belong on the one hand, and approach accounts on the other?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters