Question 1

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are catalyzed by the same enzyme 
B)  are intracellular processes in all organisms 
C)  are catalyzed by enzymes produced in the pancreas 
D)  require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH 
E)  require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source 
A)  are catalyzed by the same enzyme 
B)  are intracellular processes in all organisms 
C)  are catalyzed by enzymes produced in the pancreas 
D)  require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH 
E)  require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source

Question 2

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body. This process is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  absorption 
E)  elimination 
A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  absorption 
E)  elimination

Question 3

The cells that secrete the acidic components of stomach juices ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are the chief cells of the stomach 
B)  are the parietal cells of the stomach 
C)  are not needed for the transformation of pepsinogen to pepsin 
D)  are in the lumen of the stomach 
E)  add secretions along the esophagus 
A)  are the chief cells of the stomach 
B)  are the parietal cells of the stomach 
C)  are not needed for the transformation of pepsinogen to pepsin 
D)  are in the lumen of the stomach 
E)  add secretions along the esophagus

Question 4

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a sufficient colony of H. pylori 
B)  a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells 
C)  a high level of secretion of enzymes by chief cells 
D)  a high level of secretion of bases from parietal cells 
E)  a cell wall impermeable to acid 
A)  a sufficient colony of H. pylori 
B)  a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells 
C)  a high level of secretion of enzymes by chief cells 
D)  a high level of secretion of bases from parietal cells 
E)  a cell wall impermeable to acid

Question 5

The accompanying table shows the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (% DV).
 
The most likely reason that some of the vitamins and minerals in this supplement are found at less than 100% is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it would be chemically impossible to add more 
B)  these vitamins and minerals are too large in size to reach 100% 
C)  it is too easy to overdose on minerals such as phosphorus and calcium 
D)  it is dangerous to overdose on fat-soluble vitamins such as A and K 
A)  it would be chemically impossible to add more 
B)  these vitamins and minerals are too large in size to reach 100% 
C)  it is too easy to overdose on minerals such as phosphorus and calcium 
D)  it is dangerous to overdose on fat-soluble vitamins such as A and K

Question 6

The bile salts ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are enzymes 
B)  are manufactured by the pancreas 
C)  emulsify fats in the duodenum 
D)  increase the efficiency of pepsin action 
E)  are normally an ingredient of gastric juice 
A)  are enzymes 
B)  are manufactured by the pancreas 
C)  emulsify fats in the duodenum 
D)  increase the efficiency of pepsin action 
E)  are normally an ingredient of gastric juice

Question 7

A carnivorous diet is associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  jagged, sharp molars 
B)  a rumen 
C)  ingestion of feces 
D)  salivary amylase 
E)  a long cecum 
A)  jagged, sharp molars 
B)  a rumen 
C)  ingestion of feces 
D)  salivary amylase 
E)  a long cecum

Question 8

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  starch 
B)  protein 
C)  sugar 
D)  fat 
E)  water 
A)  starch 
B)  protein 
C)  sugar 
D)  fat 
E)  water

Question 9

The appendix is referred to as vestigial because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it does not perform any obvious vital function 
B)  it is important in maintaining the microorganisms that inhabit the gut 
C)  it cannot be surgically removed 
D)  it stores toxic wastes that build up in the large intestine 
A)  it does not perform any obvious vital function 
B)  it is important in maintaining the microorganisms that inhabit the gut 
C)  it cannot be surgically removed 
D)  it stores toxic wastes that build up in the large intestine

Question 10

Salivary amylase digests ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  starches 
C)  monosaccharides 
D)  glucose 
E)  maltose 
A)  protein 
B)  starches 
C)  monosaccharides 
D)  glucose 
E)  maltose

Question 11

Digestive secretions with a pH of 2 are characteristic of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine 
B)  stomach 
C)  pancreas 
D)  liver 
E)  mouth 
A)  small intestine 
B)  stomach 
C)  pancreas 
D)  liver 
E)  mouth

Question 12

Variations in the pharyngeal jaws between species of cichlids have contributed to an adaptive radiation by these fishes because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pharyngeal jaws permit the cichlids to efficiently eat only other fish 
B)  pharyngeal jaws permit enhanced respiration in the Rift Lakes of East Africa 
C)  the different pharyngeal jaws found in each cichlid species permit diet specialization 
D)  pharyngeal jaws are the basis of mate selection that leads to speciation 
A)  pharyngeal jaws permit the cichlids to efficiently eat only other fish 
B)  pharyngeal jaws permit enhanced respiration in the Rift Lakes of East Africa 
C)  the different pharyngeal jaws found in each cichlid species permit diet specialization 
D)  pharyngeal jaws are the basis of mate selection that leads to speciation

Question 13

Which of the following are most likely to have teeth adapted for grinding and/or tearing?

Accepted Answer

A)  suspension feeders 
B)  mass feeders 
C)  deposit feeders 
D)  fluid feeders 
A)  suspension feeders 
B)  mass feeders 
C)  deposit feeders 
D)  fluid feeders

Question 14

If you place a small piece of a cracker on your tongue, what would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The vitamins in the cracker will be immediately absorbed. 
B)  Salivary amylase will hydrolyze the starch in the cracker into the disaccharide maltose. 
C)  The proteins in the cracker will begin to be digested. 
D)  The flavor becomes less noticeable because the sugars are digested. 
A)  The vitamins in the cracker will be immediately absorbed. 
B)  Salivary amylase will hydrolyze the starch in the cracker into the disaccharide maltose. 
C)  The proteins in the cracker will begin to be digested. 
D)  The flavor becomes less noticeable because the sugars are digested.

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes ________.

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body. This process is known as ________.

The cells that secrete the acidic components of stomach juices ________.

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having ________.

The accompanying table shows the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (% DV). The most likely reason that some of the vitamins and minerals in this supplement are found at less than 100% is that ________.

The bile salts ________.

A carnivorous diet is associated with ________.

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of ________.

The appendix is referred to as vestigial because ________.

Salivary amylase digests ________.

Digestive secretions with a pH of 2 are characteristic of the ________.

Variations in the pharyngeal jaws between species of cichlids have contributed to an adaptive radiation by these fishes because ________.

Which of the following are most likely to have teeth adapted for grinding and/or tearing?

If you place a small piece of a cracker on your tongue, what would you expect to happen?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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