Question 1

In a well-fed human eating a Western diet, the richest source of stored chemical energy in the body is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fat in adipose tissue 
B)  glucose in the blood 
C)  protein in muscle cells 
D)  glycogen in muscle cells 
E)  calcium phosphate in bone 
A)  fat in adipose tissue 
B)  glucose in the blood 
C)  protein in muscle cells 
D)  glycogen in muscle cells 
E)  calcium phosphate in bone

Question 2

The molar teeth of herbivorous mammals are especially effective at ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cutting 
B)  ripping 
C)  grinding 
D)  splitting 
E)  piercing 
A)  cutting 
B)  ripping 
C)  grinding 
D)  splitting 
E)  piercing

Question 3

Low pH in the stomach is achieved by what process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parietal cells secrete HCl into the lumen of the stomach. 
B)  Chief cells secrete acid into the lumen of the stomach. 
C)  Parietal cells produce pepsinogen that lowers stomach pH once it enters the stomach. 
D)  Chief cells produce pepsinogen that lowers stomach pH once it enters the stomach. 
A)  Parietal cells secrete HCl into the lumen of the stomach. 
B)  Chief cells secrete acid into the lumen of the stomach. 
C)  Parietal cells produce pepsinogen that lowers stomach pH once it enters the stomach. 
D)  Chief cells produce pepsinogen that lowers stomach pH once it enters the stomach.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Accepted Answer

A)  During birthing contractions, oxytocin (a hormone) is released and acts to stimulate further contractions. 
B)  When a baby is nursing, suckling leads to the production of more milk and a subsequent increase in the secretion of prolactin (a hormone that stimulates lactation). 
C)  After a blood vessel is damaged, signals are released by the damaged tissues that activate platelets in the blood. These activated platelets release chemicals that activate more platelets. 
D)  When the level of glucose in the blood increases, the pancreas produces and releases the hormone insulin. Insulin acts to decrease blood glucose. As blood glucose decreases, the rate of production and release of insulin decreases as blood glucose decreases. 
A)  During birthing contractions, oxytocin (a hormone) is released and acts to stimulate further contractions. 
B)  When a baby is nursing, suckling leads to the production of more milk and a subsequent increase in the secretion of prolactin (a hormone that stimulates lactation). 
C)  After a blood vessel is damaged, signals are released by the damaged tissues that activate platelets in the blood. These activated platelets release chemicals that activate more platelets. 
D)  When the level of glucose in the blood increases, the pancreas produces and releases the hormone insulin. Insulin acts to decrease blood glucose. As blood glucose decreases, the rate of production and release of insulin decreases as blood glucose decreases.

Question 5

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is manufactured by the pancreas 
B)  helps stabilize fat-water emulsions 
C)  splits maltose into monosaccharides 
D)  begins the digestion of proteins in the stomach 
E)  is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH 
A)  is manufactured by the pancreas 
B)  helps stabilize fat-water emulsions 
C)  splits maltose into monosaccharides 
D)  begins the digestion of proteins in the stomach 
E)  is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH

Question 6

In the digestive system, peristalsis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine 
B)  voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation 
C)  the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel 
D)  a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration 
E)  smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus 
A)  a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine 
B)  voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation 
C)  the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel 
D)  a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration 
E)  smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus

Question 7

Coprophagy benefits animals by allowing them to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hide their feces from predators 
B)  absorb more nutrients from food 
C)  ferment their feces in their stomachs 
D)  digest starches in their stomach 
E)  All of the above are benefits of coprophagy. 
A)  hide their feces from predators 
B)  absorb more nutrients from food 
C)  ferment their feces in their stomachs 
D)  digest starches in their stomach 
E)  All of the above are benefits of coprophagy.

Question 8

Three groups of cyclists consumed three different types of diets: high-carbohydrate; a diet mixed in carbohydrates, fat, and protein; or a diet higher in protein and fat. The average time each group could spend cycling over a six-hour period is shown in the accompanying graph. What conclusion from the data would help an athlete or trainer improve performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endurance is entirely related to diet. 
B)  Maintaining elevated blood sugar improves performance. 
C)  An early 50 percent drop in blood glucose is associated with improved endurance. 
D)  Diet is not at all related to endurance. 
A)  Endurance is entirely related to diet. 
B)  Maintaining elevated blood sugar improves performance. 
C)  An early 50 percent drop in blood glucose is associated with improved endurance. 
D)  Diet is not at all related to endurance.

Question 9

A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  carnivores 
B)  herbivores 
C)  autotrophs 
D)  heterotrophs 
E)  omnivores 
A)  carnivores 
B)  herbivores 
C)  autotrophs 
D)  heterotrophs 
E)  omnivores

Question 10

An enlarged cecum is typical of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  rabbits, horses, and herbivorous bears 
B)  carnivorous animals 
C)  tubeworms that digest via symbionts 
D)  humans and other primates 
E)  tapeworms and other intestinal parasites 
A)  rabbits, horses, and herbivorous bears 
B)  carnivorous animals 
C)  tubeworms that digest via symbionts 
D)  humans and other primates 
E)  tapeworms and other intestinal parasites

Question 11

Which of the following molecules are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into epithelial cells through simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  monosaccharides 
B)  disaccharides and trisaccharides 
C)  lipids 
D)  amino acids 
A)  monosaccharides 
B)  disaccharides and trisaccharides 
C)  lipids 
D)  amino acids

Question 12

The chemical digestion of proteins begins in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth 
B)  stomach 
C)  small intestine 
D)  bloodstream 
A)  mouth 
B)  stomach 
C)  small intestine 
D)  bloodstream

Question 13

The pharyngeal jaws of different cichlid fishes function for

Accepted Answer

A)  crushing snails. 
B)  tearing fish scales. 
C)  compacting algae. 
D)  All of the above are functions of cichlid fishes' jaws. 
A)  crushing snails. 
B)  tearing fish scales. 
C)  compacting algae. 
D)  All of the above are functions of cichlid fishes' jaws.

Question 14

Refer to the following nutrition label to answer the question(s) below.
-From the nutrition information contained on the label shown, you can infer that apple juice would be useful in the treatment of which of the following conditions caused by vitamin deficiencies?

Accepted Answer

A)  beriberi 
B)  scurvy 
C)  anemia 
D)  rickets 
A)  beriberi 
B)  scurvy 
C)  anemia 
D)  rickets

Question 15

-Examine the digestive system structures in the accompanying figure. The highest rate of nutrient absorption occurs at location ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  8 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  8

Question 16

Coprophagy is important for the nutritional balance of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ruminants such as cows 
B)  insects and arthropods 
C)  rabbits and their relatives 
D)  squirrels and some rodents 
E)  very large animals, such as elephants 
A)  ruminants such as cows 
B)  insects and arthropods 
C)  rabbits and their relatives 
D)  squirrels and some rodents 
E)  very large animals, such as elephants

Question 17

When a woman has her gallbladder removed, she should probably reduce her consumption of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  carbohydrates 
C)  fats 
D)  proteins and carbohydrates 
A)  proteins 
B)  carbohydrates 
C)  fats 
D)  proteins and carbohydrates

Question 18

Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit from storing chemical energy as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  minerals 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  amino acids 
E)  fats 
A)  proteins 
B)  minerals 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  amino acids 
E)  fats

Question 19

When partially digested food enters the small intestine from the stomach, several events must occur to protect the intestine and allow for the continued digestion of the food. One hormone in particular performs two of these functions. What intestinal hormone is responsible for causing the pancreas to release digestive enzymes and the gallbladder to release bile salts into the intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  secretin 
B)  cholecystokinin 
C)  insulin 
D)  epinephrine 
E)  corticosterone 
A)  secretin 
B)  cholecystokinin 
C)  insulin 
D)  epinephrine 
E)  corticosterone

Question 20

If there is a strong genetic link for type II diabetes mellitus in your family, how might you minimize your risk of developing the disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  monitor your blood glucose levels daily 
B)  take oral insulin daily 
C)  maintain a healthy weight, eat a balanced diet, and exercise 
D)  eat complex carbohydrates like starch instead of sweets 
A)  monitor your blood glucose levels daily 
B)  take oral insulin daily 
C)  maintain a healthy weight, eat a balanced diet, and exercise 
D)  eat complex carbohydrates like starch instead of sweets

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

In a well-fed human eating a Western diet, the richest source of stored chemical energy in the body is ________.

The molar teeth of herbivorous mammals are especially effective at ________.

Low pH in the stomach is achieved by what process?

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that ________.

In the digestive system, peristalsis is ________.

Coprophagy benefits animals by allowing them to ________.

A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are ________.

An enlarged cecum is typical of ________.

Which of the following molecules are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into epithelial cells through simple diffusion?

The chemical digestion of proteins begins in the ________.

The pharyngeal jaws of different cichlid fishes function for

Refer to the following nutrition label to answer the question(s) below. -From the nutrition information contained on the label shown, you can infer that apple juice would be useful in the treatment of which of the following conditions caused by vitamin deficiencies?

-Examine the digestive system structures in the accompanying figure. The highest rate of nutrient absorption occurs at location ________.

Coprophagy is important for the nutritional balance of ________.

When a woman has her gallbladder removed, she should probably reduce her consumption of ________.

Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit from storing chemical energy as ________.

If there is a strong genetic link for type II diabetes mellitus in your family, how might you minimize your risk of developing the disorder?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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