Question 1

After ingestion by humans, which macromolecule(s) begin(s) chemical digestion by enzymes in the mouth?
I. protein
II. fat
III. nucleic acids
IV. carbohydrates

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II and IV 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  IV 
E)  I and IV 
A)  I 
B)  II and IV 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  IV 
E)  I and IV

Question 2

Refer to the following nutrition label to answer the question(s) below.
-Based on the label shown, if a person consumes 2000 calories daily to maintain body weight, what percentage of the RDA for iron would this person receive from a serving of apple juice?

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  less than 20% 
C)  more than 20% 
A)  20% 
B)  less than 20% 
C)  more than 20%

Question 3

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach-protein digestion 
B)  oral cavity-fat absorption 
C)  large intestine-bile production 
D)  small intestine-starch digestion 
E)  pancreas-starch digestion 
A)  stomach-protein digestion 
B)  oral cavity-fat absorption 
C)  large intestine-bile production 
D)  small intestine-starch digestion 
E)  pancreas-starch digestion

Question 4

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance 
B)  insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism 
C)  progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation 
D)  epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses 
E)  oxytocin and prolactin in milk production 
A)  thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance 
B)  insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism 
C)  progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation 
D)  epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses 
E)  oxytocin and prolactin in milk production

Question 5

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only those animals use those nutrients 
B)  the nutrients are subunits of important polymers 
C)  these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients 
D)  the nutrients are necessary coenzymes 
E)  only certain foods contain them 
A)  only those animals use those nutrients 
B)  the nutrients are subunits of important polymers 
C)  these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients 
D)  the nutrients are necessary coenzymes 
E)  only certain foods contain them

Question 6

The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the processing of fats does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does 
B)  fat absorption primarily occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine 
C)  carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not 
D)  most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood 
E)  fats, but not carbohydrates, are digested by bacteria before absorption 
A)  the processing of fats does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does 
B)  fat absorption primarily occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine 
C)  carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not 
D)  most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood 
E)  fats, but not carbohydrates, are digested by bacteria before absorption

Question 7

An example of an enzyme with high activity in an acidic environment is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase 
B)  pepsin 
C)  gastrin 
D)  trypsin 
E)  sucrose 
A)  amylase 
B)  pepsin 
C)  gastrin 
D)  trypsin 
E)  sucrose

Question 8

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?

Accepted Answer

A)  These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them. 
B)  They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin. 
C)  The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D)  Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form. 
A)  These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them. 
B)  They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin. 
C)  The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D)  Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form.

Question 9

What can the mouthparts of an animal tell you about its diet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mouthparts provide clues about the specific foods an animal pursues. 
B)  Mouthparts provide clues about the type of digestion that goes on in the stomach. 
C)  Mouthparts provide clues about the rate of nutrient absorption. 
D)  Mouthparts of all animals are designed to reduce the size of the food particles ingested. 
A)  Mouthparts provide clues about the specific foods an animal pursues. 
B)  Mouthparts provide clues about the type of digestion that goes on in the stomach. 
C)  Mouthparts provide clues about the rate of nutrient absorption. 
D)  Mouthparts of all animals are designed to reduce the size of the food particles ingested.

Question 10

To maintain adequate nutrition, animals require dietary access to certain amino acids. An amino acid that is NOT "essential" would be best described as one that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  can be made by the animal's body from other substances 
B)  is not used by the animal in biosynthesis 
C)  must be ingested in the diet 
D)  is not readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract 
E)  is not found in many proteins 
A)  can be made by the animal's body from other substances 
B)  is not used by the animal in biosynthesis 
C)  must be ingested in the diet 
D)  is not readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract 
E)  is not found in many proteins

Question 11

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid. Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

Accepted Answer

A)  goblet cells 
B)  chief cells 
C)  parietal cells 
D)  smooth muscle cells 
A)  goblet cells 
B)  chief cells 
C)  parietal cells 
D)  smooth muscle cells

Question 12

Birds have an expanded region of the gut associated with the temporary storage of food, which is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gastric cecae 
B)  larynx 
C)  crop 
D)  pharynx 
E)  epiglottis 
A)  gastric cecae 
B)  larynx 
C)  crop 
D)  pharynx 
E)  epiglottis

Question 13

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, animals need to have mechanisms for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  elimination 
B)  water absorption 
C)  enzymatic digestion 
D)  regurgitation 
E)  demineralization 
A)  elimination 
B)  water absorption 
C)  enzymatic digestion 
D)  regurgitation 
E)  demineralization

Question 14

Constipation occurs when feces become overhardened. It can result from the consumption of a substance that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contains plenty of fiber 
B)  promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine 
C)  speeds up movement of material in the large intestine 
D)  decreases water reabsorption in the small intestine 
E)  stimulates peristalsis 
A)  contains plenty of fiber 
B)  promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine 
C)  speeds up movement of material in the large intestine 
D)  decreases water reabsorption in the small intestine 
E)  stimulates peristalsis

Question 15

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial organism that causes ulcers and digestive disturbances. How might these organisms survive the acid pH of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  They secrete buffers to neutralize acid. 
B)  They live under the mucus layer that covers the stomach epithelium. 
C)  They take over the parietal cells. 
D)  They release chemicals that decrease acid production in the stomach. 
A)  They secrete buffers to neutralize acid. 
B)  They live under the mucus layer that covers the stomach epithelium. 
C)  They take over the parietal cells. 
D)  They release chemicals that decrease acid production in the stomach.

Question 16

Important dietary minerals include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lead 
B)  calcium 
C)  magnesium 
D)  iron 
E)  potassium 
A)  lead 
B)  calcium 
C)  magnesium 
D)  iron 
E)  potassium

Question 17

The function of mechanical digestion is to break down large chunks of food into smaller pieces. Why is this important? Smaller pieces of food ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  do not taste as good as larger pieces of food 
B)  have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food 
C)  are easier to excrete than are larger pieces of food 
D)  are more easily stored in the stomach than are larger pieces of food 
A)  do not taste as good as larger pieces of food 
B)  have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food 
C)  are easier to excrete than are larger pieces of food 
D)  are more easily stored in the stomach than are larger pieces of food

Question 18

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because cattle ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are autotrophic 
B)  re-ingest their feces 
C)  manufacture all fifteen amino acids out of sugars in the liver 
D)  saliva has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose 
E)  have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs 
A)  are autotrophic 
B)  re-ingest their feces 
C)  manufacture all fifteen amino acids out of sugars in the liver 
D)  saliva has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose 
E)  have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs

Question 19

Hypoglycemia, or low levels of glucose in the blood of a healthy human, is "corrected" by a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in the secretion of insulin 
B)  increase in the secretion of glucagon 
C)  increase in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon 
D)  decrease in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon 
E)  increase in the secretion of thyroid hormones 
A)  increase in the secretion of insulin 
B)  increase in the secretion of glucagon 
C)  increase in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon 
D)  decrease in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon 
E)  increase in the secretion of thyroid hormones

Question 20

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  large intestine 
B)  stomach 
C)  pharynx 
D)  rectum 
E)  epiglottis 
A)  large intestine 
B)  stomach 
C)  pharynx 
D)  rectum 
E)  epiglottis

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

After ingestion by humans, which macromolecule(s) begin(s) chemical digestion by enzymes in the mouth? I. protein II. fat III. nucleic acids IV. carbohydrates

Refer to the following nutrition label to answer the question(s) below. -Based on the label shown, if a person consumes 2000 calories daily to maintain body weight, what percentage of the RDA for iron would this person receive from a serving of apple juice?

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is ________.

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because ________.

The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that ________.

An example of an enzyme with high activity in an acidic environment is ________.

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?

What can the mouthparts of an animal tell you about its diet?

To maintain adequate nutrition, animals require dietary access to certain amino acids. An amino acid that is NOT "essential" would be best described as one that ________.

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid. Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

Birds have an expanded region of the gut associated with the temporary storage of food, which is called the ________.

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, animals need to have mechanisms for ________.

Constipation occurs when feces become overhardened. It can result from the consumption of a substance that ________.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial organism that causes ulcers and digestive disturbances. How might these organisms survive the acid pH of the stomach?

Important dietary minerals include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

The function of mechanical digestion is to break down large chunks of food into smaller pieces. Why is this important? Smaller pieces of food ________.

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because cattle ________.

Hypoglycemia, or low levels of glucose in the blood of a healthy human, is "corrected" by a(n) ________.

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the ________.

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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