Question 1

Animals that have external fertilization are most likely to reproduce in which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  sand dune 
B)  polar ice sheet 
C)  shallow lake 
D)  tallgrass prairie 
A)  sand dune 
B)  polar ice sheet 
C)  shallow lake 
D)  tallgrass prairie

Question 2

In the human male reproductive system, secretions from ________ produce molecules that stimulate smooth muscle contractions in the female uterus.

Accepted Answer

A)  prostate gland 
B)  seminal vesicles 
C)  bulbourethral gland 
D)  testes 
A)  prostate gland 
B)  seminal vesicles 
C)  bulbourethral gland 
D)  testes

Question 3

Sperm-egg membrane fusion immediately proceeds in which step in fertilization?

Accepted Answer

A)  acrosome reaction 
B)  chemical signaling by egg to attract sperm 
C)  entry of sperm nucleus into egg 
D)  flagellar hyperactivity 
E)  contact of the sperm head with the egg's plasma membrane 
A)  acrosome reaction 
B)  chemical signaling by egg to attract sperm 
C)  entry of sperm nucleus into egg 
D)  flagellar hyperactivity 
E)  contact of the sperm head with the egg's plasma membrane

Question 4

The amnion that contains the protective amniotic fluid is derived from what embryonic structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  inner cell mass 
B)  trophoblast 
C)  notochord 
D)  somite 
E)  blastocoel 
A)  inner cell mass 
B)  trophoblast 
C)  notochord 
D)  somite 
E)  blastocoel

Question 5

During the menstrual cycle, ________ peaks first, ________ peak next, and finally ________ peaks.

Accepted Answer

A)  estradiol; luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone; follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
B)  progesterone; luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); estradiol 
C)  estradiol; luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); progesterone 
D)  estradiol; luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); testosterone 
E)  testosterone; estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); progesterone 
A)  estradiol; luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone; follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
B)  progesterone; luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); estradiol 
C)  estradiol; luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); progesterone 
D)  estradiol; luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); testosterone 
E)  testosterone; estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); progesterone

Question 6

On a submarine expedition to the ocean bottom, you discover a population of fish that are only female. What type of reproduction does this fish most likely use?

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual 
B)  budding 
C)  cloning 
D)  parthenogenesis 
A)  sexual 
B)  budding 
C)  cloning 
D)  parthenogenesis

Question 7

At the time of fertilization, the maturation of the human oogonium has resulted in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  one secondary oocyte 
B)  two primary oocytes 
C)  four secondary oocytes 
D)  four primary oocytes 
E)  four zygotes 
A)  one secondary oocyte 
B)  two primary oocytes 
C)  four secondary oocytes 
D)  four primary oocytes 
E)  four zygotes

Question 8

Accessory fluids that contribute to the semen are produced by all of the following structures EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prostate gland 
B)  bulbourethral gland 
C)  vas deferens 
D)  seminal vesicle 
A)  prostate gland 
B)  bulbourethral gland 
C)  vas deferens 
D)  seminal vesicle

Question 9

What embryo-produced hormone maintains progesterone and estrogen secretion by the corpus luteum through the first trimester of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  luteinizing hormone (LH) 
B)  follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
C)  progesterone 
D)  human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 
E)  gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 
A)  luteinizing hormone (LH) 
B)  follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
C)  progesterone 
D)  human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 
E)  gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 10

During cleavage, the number of cells ________, while the size of individual cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; increases 
B)  increases; decreases 
C)  decreases; increases 
D)  decreases; decreases 
A)  increases; increases 
B)  increases; decreases 
C)  decreases; increases 
D)  decreases; decreases

Question 11

In correct chronological order, the three phases of the human ovarian cycle are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  menstrual → ovulation → luteal 
B)  follicular → luteal → secretory 
C)  menstrual → proliferative → secretory 
D)  follicular → ovulation → luteal 
E)  proliferative → luteal → ovulation 
A)  menstrual → ovulation → luteal 
B)  follicular → luteal → secretory 
C)  menstrual → proliferative → secretory 
D)  follicular → ovulation → luteal 
E)  proliferative → luteal → ovulation

Question 12

Imagine that a woman is in the final week of her pregnancy. Her doctor gives her an injection of oxytocin. The likely result of this is that the pregnant woman would ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  undergo the loss of oxytocin receptors from her uterine smooth muscle cells 
B)  stop secreting prostaglandins from the placenta 
C)  undergo vigorous contractions of her uterine muscles 
D)  increase the synthesis and secretion of progesterone 
E)  be prevented from lactation 
A)  undergo the loss of oxytocin receptors from her uterine smooth muscle cells 
B)  stop secreting prostaglandins from the placenta 
C)  undergo vigorous contractions of her uterine muscles 
D)  increase the synthesis and secretion of progesterone 
E)  be prevented from lactation

Question 13

In humans, the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation become ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ovarian endometrium that is shed at the time of the menses 
B)  the corpus luteum, which secretes the steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol. 
C)  the thickened portion of the uterine wall 
D)  swept into the fallopian tube 
E)  the placenta, which secretes cervical mucus 
A)  the ovarian endometrium that is shed at the time of the menses 
B)  the corpus luteum, which secretes the steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol. 
C)  the thickened portion of the uterine wall 
D)  swept into the fallopian tube 
E)  the placenta, which secretes cervical mucus

Question 14

The correct sequence of events in the development of humans and other mammals is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, and then formation of a blastula 
B)  gastrulation, formation of a blastula, cleavage, and then organogenesis 
C)  cleavage, formation of a blastula, gastrulation, and then organogenesis 
D)  gastrulation, organogenesis, formation of a blastula, and then cleavage 
A)  cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, and then formation of a blastula 
B)  gastrulation, formation of a blastula, cleavage, and then organogenesis 
C)  cleavage, formation of a blastula, gastrulation, and then organogenesis 
D)  gastrulation, organogenesis, formation of a blastula, and then cleavage

Question 15

Which of the following correctly displays the sequence of developmental milestones?

Accepted Answer

A)  blastula → gastrula → cleavage 
B)  blastula → cleavage → gastrula 
C)  cleavage → gastrula → blastula 
D)  cleavage → blastula → gastrula 
E)  gastrula → blastula → cleavage 
A)  blastula → gastrula → cleavage 
B)  blastula → cleavage → gastrula 
C)  cleavage → gastrula → blastula 
D)  cleavage → blastula → gastrula 
E)  gastrula → blastula → cleavage

Question 16

At the end of a nonpregnant human ovarian cycle, the breakdown and discharge of the lining of the uterus is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  menstruation 
B)  lactation 
C)  fertilization 
D)  menopause 
E)  ovulation 
A)  menstruation 
B)  lactation 
C)  fertilization 
D)  menopause 
E)  ovulation

Question 17

Gastrulation is an important event in early embryonic development. Which of the following is NOT a result of gastrulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of three embryonic cell layers 
B)  movement and alignment of many embryonic cells 
C)  the formation of a gastrula 
D)  the formation of specialized adult tissues 
A)  formation of three embryonic cell layers 
B)  movement and alignment of many embryonic cells 
C)  the formation of a gastrula 
D)  the formation of specialized adult tissues

Question 18

Which of the following characterizes parthenogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  An individual may change its sex during its lifetime. 
B)  Specialized groups of cells grow into new individuals. 
C)  An organism is first a male and then a female. 
D)  An egg develops without being fertilized. 
E)  Both mates have male and female reproductive organs. 
A)  An individual may change its sex during its lifetime. 
B)  Specialized groups of cells grow into new individuals. 
C)  An organism is first a male and then a female. 
D)  An egg develops without being fertilized. 
E)  Both mates have male and female reproductive organs.

Question 19

The primary function of the corpus luteum is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nourish and protect the egg cell 
B)  produce prolactin in the alveoli 
C)  maintain progesterone and estrogen synthesis after ovulation has occurred 
D)  stimulate the development of the mammary glands 
E)  support pregnancy in the second and third trimesters 
A)  nourish and protect the egg cell 
B)  produce prolactin in the alveoli 
C)  maintain progesterone and estrogen synthesis after ovulation has occurred 
D)  stimulate the development of the mammary glands 
E)  support pregnancy in the second and third trimesters

Question 20

The vertebrate ectoderm is the origin of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nervous system 
B)  liver 
C)  pancreas 
D)  heart 
E)  kidneys 
A)  nervous system 
B)  liver 
C)  pancreas 
D)  heart 
E)  kidneys

Exam 47: Animal Reproduction and Development

Animals that have external fertilization are most likely to reproduce in which of the following areas?

In the human male reproductive system, secretions from ________ produce molecules that stimulate smooth muscle contractions in the female uterus.

Sperm-egg membrane fusion immediately proceeds in which step in fertilization?

The amnion that contains the protective amniotic fluid is derived from what embryonic structure?

During the menstrual cycle, ________ peaks first, ________ peak next, and finally ________ peaks.

On a submarine expedition to the ocean bottom, you discover a population of fish that are only female. What type of reproduction does this fish most likely use?

At the time of fertilization, the maturation of the human oogonium has resulted in ________.

Accessory fluids that contribute to the semen are produced by all of the following structures EXCEPT ________.

What embryo-produced hormone maintains progesterone and estrogen secretion by the corpus luteum through the first trimester of pregnancy?

During cleavage, the number of cells ________, while the size of individual cells ________.

In correct chronological order, the three phases of the human ovarian cycle are ________.

Imagine that a woman is in the final week of her pregnancy. Her doctor gives her an injection of oxytocin. The likely result of this is that the pregnant woman would ________.

In humans, the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation become ________.

The correct sequence of events in the development of humans and other mammals is ________.

Which of the following correctly displays the sequence of developmental milestones?

At the end of a nonpregnant human ovarian cycle, the breakdown and discharge of the lining of the uterus is called ________.

Gastrulation is an important event in early embryonic development. Which of the following is NOT a result of gastrulation?

Which of the following characterizes parthenogenesis?

The primary function of the corpus luteum is to ________.

The vertebrate ectoderm is the origin of the ________.

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

During the menstrual cycle, peaks first, peak next, and finally peaks.

During cleavage, the number of cells , while the size of individual cells .