Question 1

If gastrulation was blocked by an environmental toxin, then ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cleavage would not occur in the zygote 
B)  embryonic germ layers would not form 
C)  fertilization would be blocked 
D)  the blastula would not be formed 
E)  the blastopore would form the mouth 
A)  cleavage would not occur in the zygote 
B)  embryonic germ layers would not form 
C)  fertilization would be blocked 
D)  the blastula would not be formed 
E)  the blastopore would form the mouth

Question 2

For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  gametes produced over the lifetime of an organism 
B)  functional gametes produced by meiosis 
C)  meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete 
D)  gametes produced in a given time period 
E)  different cell types produced by meiosis 
A)  gametes produced over the lifetime of an organism 
B)  functional gametes produced by meiosis 
C)  meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete 
D)  gametes produced in a given time period 
E)  different cell types produced by meiosis

Question 3

Prior to ovulation, the primary steroid hormone secreted by the growing follicle is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  luteinizing hormone (LH) 
B)  follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
C)  inhibin 
D)  gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 
E)  estradiol 
A)  luteinizing hormone (LH) 
B)  follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
C)  inhibin 
D)  gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 
E)  estradiol

Question 4

In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis begins during embryonic development 
B)  oogenesis produces four functional haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon 
C)  the division of cytoplasm is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis 
D)  oogenesis ends at menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth 
E)  spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs, but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born 
A)  oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis begins during embryonic development 
B)  oogenesis produces four functional haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon 
C)  the division of cytoplasm is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis 
D)  oogenesis ends at menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth 
E)  spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs, but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born

Question 5

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  All mammals have menstrual cycles. 
B)  The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles. 
C)  Estrous cycles are more frequent than menstrual cycles. 
D)  Estrous cycles are not controlled by hormones. 
E)  Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles. 
A)  All mammals have menstrual cycles. 
B)  The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles. 
C)  Estrous cycles are more frequent than menstrual cycles. 
D)  Estrous cycles are not controlled by hormones. 
E)  Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles.

Question 6

A contraceptive pill that continuously inhibits the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus will ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries 
B)  initiate ovulation 
C)  reduce the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland 
D)  stimulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the posterior pituitary gland 
E)  increase the flow phase of the menstrual cycle 
A)  increase the production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries 
B)  initiate ovulation 
C)  reduce the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland 
D)  stimulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the posterior pituitary gland 
E)  increase the flow phase of the menstrual cycle

Question 7

Cytoplasmic determinants help organize what aspect of the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  inner cell mass position 
B)  trophoblast fate 
C)  body axes 
D)  brain size 
A)  inner cell mass position 
B)  trophoblast fate 
C)  body axes 
D)  brain size

Question 8

The fluid-filled cavity within the frog blastula is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  blastopore 
B)  mouth 
C)  blastocoel 
D)  anus 
A)  blastopore 
B)  mouth 
C)  blastocoel 
D)  anus

Question 9

From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrulation → organogenesis → cleavage 
B)  ovulation → gastrulation → fertilization 
C)  cleavage → gastrulation → organogenesis 
D)  gastrulation → blastulation → neurulation 
E)  preformation → morphogenesis → neurulation 
A)  gastrulation → organogenesis → cleavage 
B)  ovulation → gastrulation → fertilization 
C)  cleavage → gastrulation → organogenesis 
D)  gastrulation → blastulation → neurulation 
E)  preformation → morphogenesis → neurulation

Question 10

During human gestation, rudiments of all organs develop ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in the first trimester 
B)  in the second trimester 
C)  in the third trimester 
D)  while the embryo is in the oviduct 
E)  during the blastocyst stage 
A)  in the first trimester 
B)  in the second trimester 
C)  in the third trimester 
D)  while the embryo is in the oviduct 
E)  during the blastocyst stage

Question 11

The surgical removal of the seminal vesicles would likely ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cause sterility because sperm would not be produced 
B)  cause sterility because sperm would not be able to exit the body 
C)  greatly reduce the volume of semen 
D)  enhance the fertilization potency of sperm in the uterus 
E)  cause the testes to migrate back into the abdominal cavity 
A)  cause sterility because sperm would not be produced 
B)  cause sterility because sperm would not be able to exit the body 
C)  greatly reduce the volume of semen 
D)  enhance the fertilization potency of sperm in the uterus 
E)  cause the testes to migrate back into the abdominal cavity

Question 12

During oogenesis, meiosis results in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  four equally sized cells that stop dividing in meiosis I 
B)  two equally sized cells that are both typically fertilized 
C)  two equally sized cells, but only one that is typically fertilized 
D)  two or three small cells and one large cell that develops further if fertilized 
A)  four equally sized cells that stop dividing in meiosis I 
B)  two equally sized cells that are both typically fertilized 
C)  two equally sized cells, but only one that is typically fertilized 
D)  two or three small cells and one large cell that develops further if fertilized

Question 13

Which statement describes a difference in the development of marsupial versus eutherian (or placental) mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marsupial young are ejected at the end of the estrous cycle, as the corpus luteum is not maintained. 
B)  Marsupials undergo a longer gestation, hence the long time spent in the pouch. 
C)  Only eutherians are born with well-formed jaws, gut, and forelimbs. 
D)  Marsupials hatch from an egg, whereas eutherians are born. 
A)  Marsupial young are ejected at the end of the estrous cycle, as the corpus luteum is not maintained. 
B)  Marsupials undergo a longer gestation, hence the long time spent in the pouch. 
C)  Only eutherians are born with well-formed jaws, gut, and forelimbs. 
D)  Marsupials hatch from an egg, whereas eutherians are born.

Question 14

A primary difference between the estrous and menstrual cycles is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed with no extensive fluid flow out of the body, whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body 
B)  behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles 
C)  season and climate have less pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles 
D)  copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation 
A)  the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed with no extensive fluid flow out of the body, whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body 
B)  behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles 
C)  season and climate have less pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles 
D)  copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation

Question 15

A pregnant woman past her due date comes into the hospital. The doctor decides it is time for the baby to be delivered. Before performing a cesarean section, the doctor wants to try to induce labor. Which of the following would she most likely inject?

Accepted Answer

A)  estrogen 
B)  progesterone 
C)  luteinizing hormone (LH) 
D)  follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
E)  oxytocin 
A)  estrogen 
B)  progesterone 
C)  luteinizing hormone (LH) 
D)  follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
E)  oxytocin

Question 16

Among mammals, the male and female genital structures that consist mostly of erectile tissue include the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  penis and clitoris 
B)  vas deferens and oviduct 
C)  testes and ovaries 
D)  seminiferous tubules and hymen 
E)  prostate and ovaries 
A)  penis and clitoris 
B)  vas deferens and oviduct 
C)  testes and ovaries 
D)  seminiferous tubules and hymen 
E)  prostate and ovaries

Question 17

The hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the secretion of sex hormones like FSH by the anterior pituitary gland is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  progesterone 
B)  luteinizing hormone 
C)  testosterone 
D)  gonadotropin-releasing hormone 
E)  estradiol 
A)  progesterone 
B)  luteinizing hormone 
C)  testosterone 
D)  gonadotropin-releasing hormone 
E)  estradiol

Question 18

Sexual reproduction ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  allows animals to conserve resources and reproduce only during optimal conditions 
B)  can produce diverse phenotypes that may enhance survival of a population in a changing environment 
C)  yields more numerous offspring more rapidly than is possible with asexual reproduction 
D)  enables males and females to remain isolated from each other while rapidly colonizing habitats 
E)  guarantees that both parents will provide care for each offspring 
A)  allows animals to conserve resources and reproduce only during optimal conditions 
B)  can produce diverse phenotypes that may enhance survival of a population in a changing environment 
C)  yields more numerous offspring more rapidly than is possible with asexual reproduction 
D)  enables males and females to remain isolated from each other while rapidly colonizing habitats 
E)  guarantees that both parents will provide care for each offspring

Question 19

Why does external fertilization typically occur much more often in aquatic animals than in terrestrial animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gametes are hydrophobic, so they must be suspended in water to avoid clumping. 
B)  The gametes must be produced in large numbers, which can occur only in aquatic environments. 
C)  Terrestrial species typically only have one testis, limiting sperm production. 
D)  The gametes must be kept wet to avoid desiccation. 
A)  The gametes are hydrophobic, so they must be suspended in water to avoid clumping. 
B)  The gametes must be produced in large numbers, which can occur only in aquatic environments. 
C)  Terrestrial species typically only have one testis, limiting sperm production. 
D)  The gametes must be kept wet to avoid desiccation.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly describes the reproduction of males in Daphnia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Daphnia males are produced asexually from unfertilized eggs. 
B)  Daphnia males are produced sexually through fertilization of eggs but are sterile from birth. 
C)  Daphnia males are produced from a pseudosexual union of two eggs. 
D)  Daphnia males are produced asexually but are sterile from birth. 
A)  Daphnia males are produced asexually from unfertilized eggs. 
B)  Daphnia males are produced sexually through fertilization of eggs but are sterile from birth. 
C)  Daphnia males are produced from a pseudosexual union of two eggs. 
D)  Daphnia males are produced asexually but are sterile from birth.

Exam 47: Animal Reproduction and Development

If gastrulation was blocked by an environmental toxin, then ________.

For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Prior to ovulation, the primary steroid hormone secreted by the growing follicle is ________.

In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that ________.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

A contraceptive pill that continuously inhibits the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus will ________.

Cytoplasmic determinants help organize what aspect of the embryo?

The fluid-filled cavity within the frog blastula is called the ________.

From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

During human gestation, rudiments of all organs develop ________.

The surgical removal of the seminal vesicles would likely ________.

During oogenesis, meiosis results in ________.

Which statement describes a difference in the development of marsupial versus eutherian (or placental) mammals?

A primary difference between the estrous and menstrual cycles is that ________.

A pregnant woman past her due date comes into the hospital. The doctor decides it is time for the baby to be delivered. Before performing a cesarean section, the doctor wants to try to induce labor. Which of the following would she most likely inject?

Among mammals, the male and female genital structures that consist mostly of erectile tissue include the ________.

The hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the secretion of sex hormones like FSH by the anterior pituitary gland is ________.

Sexual reproduction ________.

Why does external fertilization typically occur much more often in aquatic animals than in terrestrial animals?

Which of the following correctly describes the reproduction of males in Daphnia?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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