Exam 16: Speaking to Persuade

Which component of the Toulmin Model of Argument answers the question, "How do you know that?"

Whereas informative presentations tell audiences something by giving them information or explanations, persuasive presentations ask for something from audiences-their agreement or a change in their ______________.

Which component of the Toulmin Model of Argument recognizes exceptions to the argument?

Some of your colleagues have suggested that the company sponsor an annual picnic rather than a more formal annual dinner. John disagrees with the others because the company has held a formal dinner every year for more than ten years. Which fallacy of argument could be attributed to John's comment?

When audience members disagree with you, consider giving them an inoculation.

Amanda is concerned about the lack of parking on her campus. She thinks the rise in enrollment is partly to blame and she has some ideas about how to handle the situation. What persuasive organization pattern would be the best fit for her presentation?

Identify the six parts of the Toulmin Model of Argument in the following example: "Keeping a food-intake diary is probably the best way to monitor your diet and lose weight. In fact, more people lose weight while keeping and following a food-intake diary than any other method. A study conducted by Dr. Nathan Carter at a major medical school concluded that food-intake diaries are safe and twice as effective as other popular diet methods. Dr. Carter and his research team at University Hospital have been recognized for their valuable contributions to our knowledge about nutrition, diet safety, and effective weight loss. However, Carter also notes that food-intake diaries must be well-calibrated and may not work if there are genetic or hormonal causes of obesity."

Psychological Reactance Theory explains why the "Just Say No" to drugs campaign was successful in reducing the number of teenagers experimenting with drugs.

The following fallacy is an example of an appeal to tradition: "Who are you to support our troops? As I recall, you were arrested at an anti-war demonstration in the early 1970s."

Use the following persuasive strategies when audience members agree with you: excite audience emotions, provide a personal role model, and advocate a course of action.

The fallacy of appeal to popularity is a claim based on the opinion of a supposed expert who has no relevant experience on the issues being discussed.

A presentation on donating blood emphasizes that it does not hurt, takes very little time, and will not transmit diseases. What persuasive organizational pattern is being used in this presentation?

"Private health insurance offers much better care than does public health insurance" is a claim of value.