Question 1

Infusions of the neuropeptide ________ into the ________ reinstates drug taking that was previously extinguished.

Accepted Answer

A)  leptin; orbitofrontal cortex 
B)  insulin; nucleus accumbens 
C)  glycine; VTA 
D)  glutamate; nucleus accumbens 
E)  orexin; VTA 
A)  leptin; orbitofrontal cortex 
B)  insulin; nucleus accumbens 
C)  glycine; VTA 
D)  glutamate; nucleus accumbens 
E)  orexin; VTA

Question 2

Alcohol causes mild euphoria, which would be classified as ______________. When a person feels anxious or uncomfortable, drinking provides escape from these feelings, which would be classified as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment; negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment; negative reinforcement 
E)  positive punishment; positive reinforcement 
A)  positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment; negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment; negative reinforcement 
E)  positive punishment; positive reinforcement

Question 3

An important comorbidity of schizophrenia is

Accepted Answer

A)  depression. 
B)  mania. 
C)  gambling disorder. 
D)  substance abuse disorder. 
E)  borderline personality disorder. 
A)  depression. 
B)  mania. 
C)  gambling disorder. 
D)  substance abuse disorder. 
E)  borderline personality disorder.

Question 4

Match up the correct pairing of opiate receptor and opiate effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  mu; sedating 
B)  delta; aversive 
C)  kappa; aversive 
D)  mu; aversive 
E)  kappa; reinforcing 
A)  mu; sedating 
B)  delta; aversive 
C)  kappa; aversive 
D)  mu; aversive 
E)  kappa; reinforcing

Question 5

_________________ blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________________ blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin,...

Question 6

A major difficulty for the treatment of opiate abuse is that antagonists for the opiate receptors

Accepted Answer

A)  produce craving for the opiate. 
B)  block the euphoric effects of the opiates. 
C)  are useful for preventing overdose. 
D)  cannot easily get into brain. 
E)  have very short half-lives, thus requiring more frequent treatments. 
A)  produce craving for the opiate. 
B)  block the euphoric effects of the opiates. 
C)  are useful for preventing overdose. 
D)  cannot easily get into brain. 
E)  have very short half-lives, thus requiring more frequent treatments.

Question 7

Chronic abuse of methamphetamine reduces the number of dopamine transporters in the brain, which may explain why these addicts

Accepted Answer

A)  are rarely overweight. 
B)  develop depression while using this drug. 
C)  are more prone to develop Parkinson's disease as they age. 
D)  move on to "harder" drugs as they get older. 
E)  are less prone to Parkinson's disease as they age. 
A)  are rarely overweight. 
B)  develop depression while using this drug. 
C)  are more prone to develop Parkinson's disease as they age. 
D)  move on to "harder" drugs as they get older. 
E)  are less prone to Parkinson's disease as they age.

Question 8

________ refers to a compulsion to take a drug.

Accepted Answer

A)  Drug tolerance 
B)  Allostasis 
C)  Craving 
D)  Homeostasis 
E)  Withdrawal 
A)  Drug tolerance 
B)  Allostasis 
C)  Craving 
D)  Homeostasis 
E)  Withdrawal

Question 9

Alcohol has two major sites of action in the nervous system, acting as a(n) ____________ at NMDA receptors and a(n) ______________ at GABAA receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct antagonist; direct agonist 
B)  direct agonist; direct antagonist 
C)  indirect agonist; direct antagonist 
D)  indirect antagonist; indirect agonist 
E)  indirect agonist; direct agonist 
A)  direct antagonist; direct agonist 
B)  direct agonist; direct antagonist 
C)  indirect agonist; direct antagonist 
D)  indirect antagonist; indirect agonist 
E)  indirect agonist; direct agonist

Question 10

The capacity of smoking to reduce appetite may result from

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of lateral hypothalamic MCH neurons. 
B)  potentiation of dopamine cell activity in the ventral tegmental area. 
C)  release of glutamate in the lateral hypothalamus. 
D)  activation of lateral hypothalamic GABA receptors that excite MCH neurons. 
E)  activation of cells of the insula. 
A)  inhibition of lateral hypothalamic MCH neurons. 
B)  potentiation of dopamine cell activity in the ventral tegmental area. 
C)  release of glutamate in the lateral hypothalamus. 
D)  activation of lateral hypothalamic GABA receptors that excite MCH neurons. 
E)  activation of cells of the insula.

Question 11

Infusion of an inhibitory drug into the ____________ would be expected to reduce nicotine self-administration in rats.

Accepted Answer

A)  dorsomedial PFC 
B)  anterior cingulate cortex 
C)  insula 
D)  hippocampus 
E)  amygdala 
A)  dorsomedial PFC 
B)  anterior cingulate cortex 
C)  insula 
D)  hippocampus 
E)  amygdala

Question 12

Compare and contrast negative reinforcement with punishment.

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement refers to a situa

Question 13

Long-term drug use can result in structural abnormalities of the ________ cortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Long-term drug use can result in structural...

Question 14

Nicotinic ACh receptors that contain the α5 subunit, found on neurons in the medial habenula, play a role in ______________ the reinforcing effects of nicotine.

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting 
B)  exciting 
C)  stabilizing 
D)  having no effect on 
E)  stimulating 
A)  inhibiting 
B)  exciting 
C)  stabilizing 
D)  having no effect on 
E)  stimulating

Question 15

Which of the following illustrates the concept of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  A woman injects heroin into her veins to obtain a "rush." 
B)  A hungry rat presses a lever to obtain a food pellet. 
C)  A rat presses a lever that results in delivery of a shock through the floor of the chamber. 
D)  A man ingests an aspirin to rid himself of a strong headache. 
E)  A child is sent to his room after screaming at the dinner table. 
A)  A woman injects heroin into her veins to obtain a "rush." 
B)  A hungry rat presses a lever to obtain a food pellet. 
C)  A rat presses a lever that results in delivery of a shock through the floor of the chamber. 
D)  A man ingests an aspirin to rid himself of a strong headache. 
E)  A child is sent to his room after screaming at the dinner table.

Question 16

Evidence from individuals who suffered a stroke and easily quit smoking afterwards suggests that the ____________ is involved in nicotine abuse.

Accepted Answer

A)  vmPFC 
B)  ventral tegmental area 
C)  accumbens 
D)  insula 
E)  hippocampus 
A)  vmPFC 
B)  ventral tegmental area 
C)  accumbens 
D)  insula 
E)  hippocampus

Question 17

Imaging studies suggest that the activity of the _______ is inversely proportional to the amount of cocaine that users take each week.

Accepted Answer

A)  medial prefrontal cortex 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  dorsal anterior cingulated cortex 
D)  nucleus accumbens 
E)  ventral tegmental area 
A)  medial prefrontal cortex 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  dorsal anterior cingulated cortex 
D)  nucleus accumbens 
E)  ventral tegmental area

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of cocaine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cocaine administration decreases dopamine within the nucleus accumbens. 
B)  Damage to the amygdala impairs cocaine reinforcement. 
C)  Cocaine abuse can produce obsessive-compulsive disorder. 
D)  Drugs that block GABA receptors within the nucleus accumbens impair cocaine reinforcement. 
E)  Rats will self-administer cocaine into their vascular system. 
A)  Cocaine administration decreases dopamine within the nucleus accumbens. 
B)  Damage to the amygdala impairs cocaine reinforcement. 
C)  Cocaine abuse can produce obsessive-compulsive disorder. 
D)  Drugs that block GABA receptors within the nucleus accumbens impair cocaine reinforcement. 
E)  Rats will self-administer cocaine into their vascular system.

Question 19

The drug _______ blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol 
B)  marijuana 
C)  LSD 
D)  cocaine 
E)  nicotine 
A)  alcohol 
B)  marijuana 
C)  LSD 
D)  cocaine 
E)  nicotine

Question 20

Imaging studies indicate that greater consumption of cocaine produces

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activation of the orbitofrontal cortex. 
B)  increased blood flow in the prefrontal cortex. 
C)  increased blood flow in the anterior cingulate cortex. 
D)  decreased activation of the medial prefrontal cortex. 
E)  decreased dopamine production in the nucleus accumbens. 
A)  increased activation of the orbitofrontal cortex. 
B)  increased blood flow in the prefrontal cortex. 
C)  increased blood flow in the anterior cingulate cortex. 
D)  decreased activation of the medial prefrontal cortex. 
E)  decreased dopamine production in the nucleus accumbens.

Infusions of the neuropeptide into the reinstates drug taking that was previously extinguished.

Alcohol causes mild euphoria, which would be classified as . When a person feels anxious or uncomfortable, drinking provides escape from these feelings, which would be classified as ______.

An important comorbidity of schizophrenia is

Match up the correct pairing of opiate receptor and opiate effect.

_________________ blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

A major difficulty for the treatment of opiate abuse is that antagonists for the opiate receptors

Chronic abuse of methamphetamine reduces the number of dopamine transporters in the brain, which may explain why these addicts

________ refers to a compulsion to take a drug.

Alcohol has two major sites of action in the nervous system, acting as a(n) at NMDA receptors and a(n) __ at GABA_A receptors.

The capacity of smoking to reduce appetite may result from

Infusion of an inhibitory drug into the ____________ would be expected to reduce nicotine self-administration in rats.

Compare and contrast negative reinforcement with punishment.

Long-term drug use can result in structural abnormalities of the ________ cortex.

Nicotinic ACh receptors that contain the α5 subunit, found on neurons in the medial habenula, play a role in ______________ the reinforcing effects of nicotine.

Which of the following illustrates the concept of negative reinforcement?

Evidence from individuals who suffered a stroke and easily quit smoking afterwards suggests that the ____________ is involved in nicotine abuse.

Imaging studies suggest that the activity of the _______ is inversely proportional to the amount of cocaine that users take each week.

Which of the following statements is true of cocaine?

The drug _______ blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.

Imaging studies indicate that greater consumption of cocaine produces

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Filters

Exam 18: Substance Abuse

Infusions of the neuropeptide ________ into the ________ reinstates drug taking that was previously extinguished.

Alcohol causes mild euphoria, which would be classified as ______________. When a person feels anxious or uncomfortable, drinking provides escape from these feelings, which would be classified as ____________________.

An important comorbidity of schizophrenia is

Match up the correct pairing of opiate receptor and opiate effect.

_________________ blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

A major difficulty for the treatment of opiate abuse is that antagonists for the opiate receptors

Chronic abuse of methamphetamine reduces the number of dopamine transporters in the brain, which may explain why these addicts

________ refers to a compulsion to take a drug.

Alcohol has two major sites of action in the nervous system, acting as a(n) ____________ at NMDA receptors and a(n) ______________ at GABAA receptors.

The capacity of smoking to reduce appetite may result from

Infusion of an inhibitory drug into the ____________ would be expected to reduce nicotine self-administration in rats.

Compare and contrast negative reinforcement with punishment.

Long-term drug use can result in structural abnormalities of the ________ cortex.

Nicotinic ACh receptors that contain the α5 subunit, found on neurons in the medial habenula, play a role in ______________ the reinforcing effects of nicotine.

Which of the following illustrates the concept of negative reinforcement?

Evidence from individuals who suffered a stroke and easily quit smoking afterwards suggests that the ____________ is involved in nicotine abuse.

Imaging studies suggest that the activity of the _______ is inversely proportional to the amount of cocaine that users take each week.

Which of the following statements is true of cocaine?

The drug _______ blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.

Imaging studies indicate that greater consumption of cocaine produces

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Filters

Infusions of the neuropeptide into the reinstates drug taking that was previously extinguished.

Alcohol causes mild euphoria, which would be classified as . When a person feels anxious or uncomfortable, drinking provides escape from these feelings, which would be classified as ______.

Alcohol has two major sites of action in the nervous system, acting as a(n) at NMDA receptors and a(n) __ at GABA_A receptors.