Question 1

Hypocretin neurons are more active during ________ but are inactive during ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  eating; drinking 
B)  normal waking; sleep 
C)  sexual behavior; feeding 
D)  reinforcement; punishment 
E)  slow-wave sleep; REM sleep 
A)  eating; drinking 
B)  normal waking; sleep 
C)  sexual behavior; feeding 
D)  reinforcement; punishment 
E)  slow-wave sleep; REM sleep B

Question 2

The sleep disorder known as ________ can be produced by degeneration of hypocretin neurons in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy 
B)  iatrogenic insomnia 
C)  sleep apnea 
D)  night terrors 
E)  insomnia 
A)  narcolepsy 
B)  iatrogenic insomnia 
C)  sleep apnea 
D)  night terrors 
E)  insomnia A

Question 3

For animals that are seasonal breeders, they will experience anti-gonadal function during ____________ due to ____________ melatonin levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  spring; increased 
B)  winter; increased 
C)  winter; decreased 
D)  summer; increased 
E)  summer; decreased 
A)  spring; increased 
B)  winter; increased 
C)  winter; decreased 
D)  summer; increased 
E)  summer; decreased B

Question 4

A full day of tourist activities at an amusement park would be expected to

Accepted Answer

A)  produce insomnia. 
B)  reduce the amplitude of delta activity in the frontal lobes. 
C)  increase the amount of time spent that night in slow-wave sleep. 
D)  increase the need for REM sleep. 
E)  increase the amount of time spent dreaming. 
A)  produce insomnia. 
B)  reduce the amplitude of delta activity in the frontal lobes. 
C)  increase the amount of time spent that night in slow-wave sleep. 
D)  increase the need for REM sleep. 
E)  increase the amount of time spent dreaming.

Question 5

Human narcolepsy

Accepted Answer

A)  can be treated using sleep-inducing drugs. 
B)  involves an absence of orexin in most people with narcolepsy. 
C)  involves the intrusion of slow-wave sleep components into the awake state. 
D)  is a psychological disorder. 
E)  is treated using lithium salts. 
A)  can be treated using sleep-inducing drugs. 
B)  involves an absence of orexin in most people with narcolepsy. 
C)  involves the intrusion of slow-wave sleep components into the awake state. 
D)  is a psychological disorder. 
E)  is treated using lithium salts.

Question 6

Deprivation of REM sleep on one night results in an elevated amount of REM sleep on the following night. This rebound phenomenon suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional well-being requires slow-wave sleep. 
B)  REM sleep functions to rest the brain. 
C)  there is a physiological need for stage 1 slow-wave sleep. 
D)  there is a physiological need for a certain amount of REM sleep. 
E)  the brain does not regulate REM sleep. 
A)  emotional well-being requires slow-wave sleep. 
B)  REM sleep functions to rest the brain. 
C)  there is a physiological need for stage 1 slow-wave sleep. 
D)  there is a physiological need for a certain amount of REM sleep. 
E)  the brain does not regulate REM sleep.

Question 7

Circadian rhythms are

Accepted Answer

A)  endogenous cycles of activity over the course of a day. 
B)  not found in plants. 
C)  learned patterns of daily activity. 
D)  annual changes in behavior (such as migration). 
E)  monthly cycles of reproductive activity. 
A)  endogenous cycles of activity over the course of a day. 
B)  not found in plants. 
C)  learned patterns of daily activity. 
D)  annual changes in behavior (such as migration). 
E)  monthly cycles of reproductive activity.

Question 8

A stimulus that resets an internal biological clock is termed a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stimulus that resets an internal biological...

Question 9

The capacity of circuits involving the vlPOA and the locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, and dorsal pons to show mutual inhibition may result in

Accepted Answer

A)  the transitions between eating and drinking in the rat. 
B)  alternating motor search behaviors in a maze. 
C)  shifts of attention. 
D)  stepping behavior. 
E)  the alternation between sleep and waking. 
A)  the transitions between eating and drinking in the rat. 
B)  alternating motor search behaviors in a maze. 
C)  shifts of attention. 
D)  stepping behavior. 
E)  the alternation between sleep and waking.

Question 10

Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  blocked airways. 
B)  obesity and diabetes. 
C)  psychosis. 
D)  mood disorder. 
E)  bipolar disorder. 
A)  blocked airways. 
B)  obesity and diabetes. 
C)  psychosis. 
D)  mood disorder. 
E)  bipolar disorder.

Question 11

If acetylcholine activity is high,

Accepted Answer

A)  the animal is likely feeling drowsy or beginning to sleep. 
B)  there is decreased EEG-measured cortical arousal. 
C)  the brain waves are likely highly synchronized. 
D)  the brain waves are likely desynchronized. 
E)  nothing happens. 
A)  the animal is likely feeling drowsy or beginning to sleep. 
B)  there is decreased EEG-measured cortical arousal. 
C)  the brain waves are likely highly synchronized. 
D)  the brain waves are likely desynchronized. 
E)  nothing happens.

Question 12

________ refers to the vivid dreams that may occur during sleep paralysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Apnea 
B)  Hypnagogic hallucination 
C)  Cataplexy 
D)  Night terror 
E)  Somnambulism 
A)  Apnea 
B)  Hypnagogic hallucination 
C)  Cataplexy 
D)  Night terror 
E)  Somnambulism

Question 13

Deep sleep is characterized by ____________ waves.

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha 
B)  beta 
C)  delta 
D)  theta 
E)  gamma 
A)  alpha 
B)  beta 
C)  delta 
D)  theta 
E)  gamma

Question 14

Research with transcranial direct current stimulation suggests that the _______________ is involved in lucid dreaming.

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal cortex 
B)  occipital cortex 
C)  hippocampus 
D)  medulla oblongata 
E)  anterior cingulate cortex 
A)  prefrontal cortex 
B)  occipital cortex 
C)  hippocampus 
D)  medulla oblongata 
E)  anterior cingulate cortex

Question 15

Which of the following treatments in rats would be expected to increase locomotion and enhance the amount of cortical arousal evident in an EEG record?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex 
B)  damage to the locus coeruleus 
C)  damage to the raphe nuclei 
D)  electrical stimulation of the raphe nuclei 
E)  injection of high levels of GABA into the raphe nuclei 
A)  electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex 
B)  damage to the locus coeruleus 
C)  damage to the raphe nuclei 
D)  electrical stimulation of the raphe nuclei 
E)  injection of high levels of GABA into the raphe nuclei

Question 16

The primary function of ________ sleep is to rest the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary function of ________ sleep is...

Question 17

The difference between primary and secondary insomnia is

Accepted Answer

A)  the length of time the insomnia has lasted. 
B)  the cause of the difficulty of falling asleep. 
C)  the age of onset. 
D)  the likelihood of being affected at a given time of year (seasonal). 
E)  the time of the night that the sleeplessness occurs. 
A)  the length of time the insomnia has lasted. 
B)  the cause of the difficulty of falling asleep. 
C)  the age of onset. 
D)  the likelihood of being affected at a given time of year (seasonal). 
E)  the time of the night that the sleeplessness occurs.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of neurons within the ventrolateral preoptic area (vlPOA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  vlPOA neurons receive inhibitory input from noradrenergic, serotonergic, and histaminergic neurons. 
B)  Excitotoxic lesions of the vlPOA increase sleep in cats. 
C)  vlPOA neurons have a low firing rate during sleep. 
D)  Electrical stimulation of vlPOA neurons produces insomnia. 
E)  vlPOA neurons secrete glutamate to excite regions that control arousal. 
A)  vlPOA neurons receive inhibitory input from noradrenergic, serotonergic, and histaminergic neurons. 
B)  Excitotoxic lesions of the vlPOA increase sleep in cats. 
C)  vlPOA neurons have a low firing rate during sleep. 
D)  Electrical stimulation of vlPOA neurons produces insomnia. 
E)  vlPOA neurons secrete glutamate to excite regions that control arousal.

Question 19

_______________ is an awareness that an individual is dreaming and is not awake.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ is an awareness that an individual...

Question 20

As Darius is sleeping, his dog begins to bark. As a result, his brain emits several sudden sharp waveforms known as _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypnic jerks 
B)  sleep spindles 
C)  K complexes 
D)  alpha wave activity 
E)  delta wave activity 
A)  hypnic jerks 
B)  sleep spindles 
C)  K complexes 
D)  alpha wave activity 
E)  delta wave activity

Hypocretin neurons are more active during but are inactive during .

The sleep disorder known as ________ can be produced by degeneration of hypocretin neurons in the brain.

For animals that are seasonal breeders, they will experience anti-gonadal function during due to melatonin levels.

A full day of tourist activities at an amusement park would be expected to

Human narcolepsy

Deprivation of REM sleep on one night results in an elevated amount of REM sleep on the following night. This rebound phenomenon suggests that

Circadian rhythms are

A stimulus that resets an internal biological clock is termed a ________.

The capacity of circuits involving the vlPOA and the locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, and dorsal pons to show mutual inhibition may result in

Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to

If acetylcholine activity is high,

________ refers to the vivid dreams that may occur during sleep paralysis.

Deep sleep is characterized by ____________ waves.

Research with transcranial direct current stimulation suggests that the _______________ is involved in lucid dreaming.

Which of the following treatments in rats would be expected to increase locomotion and enhance the amount of cortical arousal evident in an EEG record?

The primary function of ________ sleep is to rest the brain.

The difference between primary and secondary insomnia is

Which of the following is true of neurons within the ventrolateral preoptic area (vlPOA)?

_______________ is an awareness that an individual is dreaming and is not awake.

As Darius is sleeping, his dog begins to bark. As a result, his brain emits several sudden sharp waveforms known as _____________.

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Exam 9: Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Hypocretin neurons are more active during ________ but are inactive during ________.

The sleep disorder known as ________ can be produced by degeneration of hypocretin neurons in the brain.

For animals that are seasonal breeders, they will experience anti-gonadal function during ____________ due to ____________ melatonin levels.

A full day of tourist activities at an amusement park would be expected to

Human narcolepsy

Deprivation of REM sleep on one night results in an elevated amount of REM sleep on the following night. This rebound phenomenon suggests that

Circadian rhythms are

A stimulus that resets an internal biological clock is termed a ________.

The capacity of circuits involving the vlPOA and the locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, and dorsal pons to show mutual inhibition may result in

Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to

If acetylcholine activity is high,

________ refers to the vivid dreams that may occur during sleep paralysis.

Deep sleep is characterized by ____________ waves.

Research with transcranial direct current stimulation suggests that the _______________ is involved in lucid dreaming.

Which of the following treatments in rats would be expected to increase locomotion and enhance the amount of cortical arousal evident in an EEG record?

The primary function of ________ sleep is to rest the brain.

The difference between primary and secondary insomnia is

Which of the following is true of neurons within the ventrolateral preoptic area (vlPOA)?

_______________ is an awareness that an individual is dreaming and is not awake.

As Darius is sleeping, his dog begins to bark. As a result, his brain emits several sudden sharp waveforms known as _____________.

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Hypocretin neurons are more active during but are inactive during .

For animals that are seasonal breeders, they will experience anti-gonadal function during due to melatonin levels.