Question 1

Seasonal rhythms are under the control of ________ secreted by cells within the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  melatonin; pineal gland 
B)  dopamine; hypothalamus 
C)  melanopsin; preoptic hypothalamus 
D)  oxytocin; pituitary 
E)  melatonin; retina 
A)  melatonin; pineal gland 
B)  dopamine; hypothalamus 
C)  melanopsin; preoptic hypothalamus 
D)  oxytocin; pituitary 
E)  melatonin; retina

Question 2

Which of the following is seen more often in adults than children?

Accepted Answer

A)  insomnia 
B)  sleepwalking 
C)  bedwetting 
D)  night terrors 
E)  nightmares 
A)  insomnia 
B)  sleepwalking 
C)  bedwetting 
D)  night terrors 
E)  nightmares

Question 3

________ sleep is important for consolidation of nondeclarative memories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ sleep is important for consolidation of...

Question 4

Which of the following is true of melanopsin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Melanopsin is found within rods but not cones. 
B)  Melanopsin is found within cones but not rods. 
C)  Melanopsin activity is suppressed by light. 
D)  Melanopsin is found within ganglion cells. 
E)  Melanopsin in rods is a cue that resets SCN clock cells. 
A)  Melanopsin is found within rods but not cones. 
B)  Melanopsin is found within cones but not rods. 
C)  Melanopsin activity is suppressed by light. 
D)  Melanopsin is found within ganglion cells. 
E)  Melanopsin in rods is a cue that resets SCN clock cells.

Question 5

An effective treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder is the administration of

Accepted Answer

A)  antidepressant drugs. 
B)  the drug clonazepam. 
C)  drugs that block serotonin receptors. 
D)  drugs that facilitate both serotonin and catecholamine activity. 
E)  drugs that block hypocretin 2 receptors. 
A)  antidepressant drugs. 
B)  the drug clonazepam. 
C)  drugs that block serotonin receptors. 
D)  drugs that facilitate both serotonin and catecholamine activity. 
E)  drugs that block hypocretin 2 receptors.

Question 6

Weight gain is a common outcome for a person suffering from

Accepted Answer

A)  anorexia nervosa. 
B)  somnabulimia. 
C)  sleep-related eating disorder. 
D)  hyperbulimia. 
E)  REM sleep behavior disorder. 
A)  anorexia nervosa. 
B)  somnabulimia. 
C)  sleep-related eating disorder. 
D)  hyperbulimia. 
E)  REM sleep behavior disorder.

Question 7

A key symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder is

Accepted Answer

A)  attacks of catalepsy. 
B)  a depressed mood upon awakening. 
C)  the occurrence of motor movements during slow-wave sleep. 
D)  a lack of paralysis during REM sleep. 
E)  the loss of dreams during REM sleep. 
A)  attacks of catalepsy. 
B)  a depressed mood upon awakening. 
C)  the occurrence of motor movements during slow-wave sleep. 
D)  a lack of paralysis during REM sleep. 
E)  the loss of dreams during REM sleep.

Question 8

The _________________ preoptic area contains the majority of sleep neurons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _________________ preoptic area contains the majority...

Question 9

__________ is the stage of sleep in which sleep spindles and K complexes are likely to occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is the stage of sleep in...

Question 10

John has periods during the night where he stops breathing, causing carbon dioxide levels in his blood to rise. Once the levels get too high, he wakes up, gasping for breath. John suffers from

Accepted Answer

A)  insomnia. 
B)  sleep apnea. 
C)  narcolepsy. 
D)  night terrors. 
E)  sleeplessness. 
A)  insomnia. 
B)  sleep apnea. 
C)  narcolepsy. 
D)  night terrors. 
E)  sleeplessness.

Question 11

The notion that REM sleep functions to promote brain development is supported by the finding that

Accepted Answer

A)  newborn infants spend 70% of their sleep time in slow-wave sleep. 
B)  active phases of brain development are associated with low levels of REM sleep. 
C)  REM sleep increases in college students during exam time. 
D)  the elderly spend 85% of their sleep time in REM. 
E)  infants with well-developed brains spend proportionally less time in REM sleep than infants with poorly developed brains. 
A)  newborn infants spend 70% of their sleep time in slow-wave sleep. 
B)  active phases of brain development are associated with low levels of REM sleep. 
C)  REM sleep increases in college students during exam time. 
D)  the elderly spend 85% of their sleep time in REM. 
E)  infants with well-developed brains spend proportionally less time in REM sleep than infants with poorly developed brains.

Question 12

Adenosine receptors are blocked by ________, which in turn promotes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ethanol; euphoria 
B)  caffeine; wakefulness 
C)  nicotine; sleepiness 
D)  caffeine; sleepiness 
E)  glutamate; learning and memory 
A)  ethanol; euphoria 
B)  caffeine; wakefulness 
C)  nicotine; sleepiness 
D)  caffeine; sleepiness 
E)  glutamate; learning and memory

Question 13

Which of the following is a key characteristic of non-REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  dreaming in color 
B)  muscle paralysis 
C)  genital changes associated with arousal 
D)  various forms of slow-wave brain activity 
E)  rapid eye movements 
A)  dreaming in color 
B)  muscle paralysis 
C)  genital changes associated with arousal 
D)  various forms of slow-wave brain activity 
E)  rapid eye movements

Question 14

Compare the characteristics of non-REM sleep with that of REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

Non-REM consists of four stages: stage 1

Question 15

A buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood is a characteristic of the sleep disorder known as

Accepted Answer

A)  iatrogenic. 
B)  sleep apnea. 
C)  narcolepsy. 
D)  situational insomnia. 
E)  cataplexy. 
A)  iatrogenic. 
B)  sleep apnea. 
C)  narcolepsy. 
D)  situational insomnia. 
E)  cataplexy.

Question 16

Enforced bed rest for 6 weeks resulted in ________ in healthy subjects.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased slow-wave sleep 
B)  decreased REM sleep 
C)  no change in sleep patterns 
D)  a significant reduction in total sleep time 
E)  signs of REM-sleep behavior disorder 
A)  decreased slow-wave sleep 
B)  decreased REM sleep 
C)  no change in sleep patterns 
D)  a significant reduction in total sleep time 
E)  signs of REM-sleep behavior disorder

Question 17

REM-ON neurons are located within the ________, whereas REM-OFF neurons are located within the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventrolateral pons; dorsal PAG 
B)  dorsal PAG; ventrolateral preoptic area 
C)  ventrolateral preoptic area; sublateral dorsal nucleus 
D)  anterior thalamus; posterior hypothalamus 
E)  sublateral dorsal nucleus; ventrolateral PAG 
A)  ventrolateral pons; dorsal PAG 
B)  dorsal PAG; ventrolateral preoptic area 
C)  ventrolateral preoptic area; sublateral dorsal nucleus 
D)  anterior thalamus; posterior hypothalamus 
E)  sublateral dorsal nucleus; ventrolateral PAG

Question 18

Total insomnia is produced in rats after damage to their ________ area.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Total insomnia is produced in rats after...

Question 19

A hamster, when put in endless darkness, will display activity that fits a 23-hour day. This rhythm that the hamster is displaying is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  endogenous rhythm. 
B)  pacemaker. 
C)  entrained rhythm. 
D)  internal rhythm. 
E)  external rhythm. 
A)  endogenous rhythm. 
B)  pacemaker. 
C)  entrained rhythm. 
D)  internal rhythm. 
E)  external rhythm.

Question 20

The primary function of slow-wave sleep is to

Accepted Answer

A)  clear brain waste products produced by REM sleep. 
B)  promote dreaming. 
C)  rest the brain. 
D)  promote brain development. 
E)  facilitate learning. 
A)  clear brain waste products produced by REM sleep. 
B)  promote dreaming. 
C)  rest the brain. 
D)  promote brain development. 
E)  facilitate learning.

Seasonal rhythms are under the control of secreted by cells within the .

Which of the following is seen more often in adults than children?

________ sleep is important for consolidation of nondeclarative memories.

Which of the following is true of melanopsin?

An effective treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder is the administration of

Weight gain is a common outcome for a person suffering from

A key symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder is

The _________________ preoptic area contains the majority of sleep neurons.

__________ is the stage of sleep in which sleep spindles and K complexes are likely to occur.

John has periods during the night where he stops breathing, causing carbon dioxide levels in his blood to rise. Once the levels get too high, he wakes up, gasping for breath. John suffers from

The notion that REM sleep functions to promote brain development is supported by the finding that

Adenosine receptors are blocked by , which in turn promotes .

Which of the following is a key characteristic of non-REM sleep?

Compare the characteristics of non-REM sleep with that of REM sleep.

A buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood is a characteristic of the sleep disorder known as

Enforced bed rest for 6 weeks resulted in ________ in healthy subjects.

REM-ON neurons are located within the , whereas REM-OFF neurons are located within the .

Total insomnia is produced in rats after damage to their ________ area.

A hamster, when put in endless darkness, will display activity that fits a 23-hour day. This rhythm that the hamster is displaying is a(n)

The primary function of slow-wave sleep is to

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Exam 9: Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Seasonal rhythms are under the control of ________ secreted by cells within the ________.

Which of the following is seen more often in adults than children?

________ sleep is important for consolidation of nondeclarative memories.

Which of the following is true of melanopsin?

An effective treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder is the administration of

Weight gain is a common outcome for a person suffering from

A key symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder is

The _________________ preoptic area contains the majority of sleep neurons.

__________ is the stage of sleep in which sleep spindles and K complexes are likely to occur.

John has periods during the night where he stops breathing, causing carbon dioxide levels in his blood to rise. Once the levels get too high, he wakes up, gasping for breath. John suffers from

The notion that REM sleep functions to promote brain development is supported by the finding that

Adenosine receptors are blocked by ________, which in turn promotes ________.

Which of the following is a key characteristic of non-REM sleep?

Compare the characteristics of non-REM sleep with that of REM sleep.

A buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood is a characteristic of the sleep disorder known as

Enforced bed rest for 6 weeks resulted in ________ in healthy subjects.

REM-ON neurons are located within the ________, whereas REM-OFF neurons are located within the ________.

Total insomnia is produced in rats after damage to their ________ area.

A hamster, when put in endless darkness, will display activity that fits a 23-hour day. This rhythm that the hamster is displaying is a(n)

The primary function of slow-wave sleep is to

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Seasonal rhythms are under the control of secreted by cells within the .

Adenosine receptors are blocked by , which in turn promotes .

REM-ON neurons are located within the , whereas REM-OFF neurons are located within the .