Question 1

When an individual uses opiate drugs,

Accepted Answer

A)  he or she will not need to take more opiates to achieve the same high with repeated use. 
B)  she risks creating dependency on opiates in her unborn child if she is pregnant when she uses. 
C)  opiate receptors in the amygdala respond. 
D)  they do not typically result in abuse. 
E)  it causes stimulation, much like a stimulant. 
A)  he or she will not need to take more opiates to achieve the same high with repeated use. 
B)  she risks creating dependency on opiates in her unborn child if she is pregnant when she uses. 
C)  opiate receptors in the amygdala respond. 
D)  they do not typically result in abuse. 
E)  it causes stimulation, much like a stimulant.

Question 2

Which of the following is an explanation of why drug abusers prefer heroin over morphine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heroin is cheaper than morphine. 
B)  Morphine enters the brain faster than does morphine. 
C)  Heroin is less lipid-soluble than is morphine. 
D)  Heroin exerts effects on the brain faster than does morphine. 
E)  Morphine is cheaper than heroin. 
A)  Heroin is cheaper than morphine. 
B)  Morphine enters the brain faster than does morphine. 
C)  Heroin is less lipid-soluble than is morphine. 
D)  Heroin exerts effects on the brain faster than does morphine. 
E)  Morphine is cheaper than heroin.

Question 3

Administration of an opiate drug that is an agonist at only kappa receptors would be expected to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothermia. 
B)  analgesia. 
C)  sedation. 
D)  reinforcement. 
E)  an aversive state. 
A)  hypothermia. 
B)  analgesia. 
C)  sedation. 
D)  reinforcement. 
E)  an aversive state.

Question 4

The reinforcing effect of nicotine appears to be caused by _________ of nicotinic receptors in the ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  activation; ventral tegmental area 
B)  activation; nucleus accumbens 
C)  inactivation; nucleus accumbens 
D)  inactivation; ventral tegmental area 
E)  activation; lateral hypothalamus 
A)  activation; ventral tegmental area 
B)  activation; nucleus accumbens 
C)  inactivation; nucleus accumbens 
D)  inactivation; ventral tegmental area 
E)  activation; lateral hypothalamus

Question 5

Long-term drug use can result in

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated dopamine production in the VTA. 
B)  greater activation of the prefrontal cortex. 
C)  structural abnormalities of the prefrontal cortex. 
D)  superior gambling performance. 
E)  longer life span and better mental adjustment. 
A)  elevated dopamine production in the VTA. 
B)  greater activation of the prefrontal cortex. 
C)  structural abnormalities of the prefrontal cortex. 
D)  superior gambling performance. 
E)  longer life span and better mental adjustment.

Question 6

______________________ occurs when an organism performs a behavior to avoid a negative consequence. For example, a child may clean his or her room to avoid getting in trouble with his or her mother.

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative punishment 
B)  Negative reinforcement 
C)  Positive punishment 
D)  Positive reinforcement 
E)  Punishment 
A)  Negative punishment 
B)  Negative reinforcement 
C)  Positive punishment 
D)  Positive reinforcement 
E)  Punishment

Question 7

The key property of drugs that are frequently abused relates to

Accepted Answer

A)  their capacity to produce tolerance. 
B)  the withdrawal that follows termination of the drug. 
C)  their rapid reinforcing effects. 
D)  their ability to inhibit dopamine in brain. 
E)  their ability to produce rapidly physical dependence. 
A)  their capacity to produce tolerance. 
B)  the withdrawal that follows termination of the drug. 
C)  their rapid reinforcing effects. 
D)  their ability to inhibit dopamine in brain. 
E)  their ability to produce rapidly physical dependence.

Question 8

Match up the correct pairing of opiate receptor and opiate effect. Question is same as previous; previous answer (kappa; aversive) is also included here, but is not identified as the correct answer this time.

Accepted Answer

A)  mu; sedating 
B)  delta; aversive 
C)  kappa; aversive 
D)  mu; aversive 
E)  mu; reinforcing 
A)  mu; sedating 
B)  delta; aversive 
C)  kappa; aversive 
D)  mu; aversive 
E)  mu; reinforcing

Question 9

Which of the following is true of opiate abuse?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heroin use is legal to use under medical supervision. 
B)  The opiate habit is inexpensive. 
C)  Opiates are not addictive. 
D)  Needle-using opiate addicts are at risk for contracting HIV. 
E)  Rats will self-administer morphine but not heroin. 
A)  Heroin use is legal to use under medical supervision. 
B)  The opiate habit is inexpensive. 
C)  Opiates are not addictive. 
D)  Needle-using opiate addicts are at risk for contracting HIV. 
E)  Rats will self-administer morphine but not heroin.

Question 10

Match up the correct pairing of a drug with its site of action.

Accepted Answer

A)  cocaine; blocks reuptake of dopamine 
B)  ethanol; release of norepinephrine 
C)  amphetamine; release of acetylcholine 
D)  ketamine; blocks reuptake of dopamine 
E)  cannabis; nicotinic ACh receptor agonist 
A)  cocaine; blocks reuptake of dopamine 
B)  ethanol; release of norepinephrine 
C)  amphetamine; release of acetylcholine 
D)  ketamine; blocks reuptake of dopamine 
E)  cannabis; nicotinic ACh receptor agonist

Question 11

A common factor that promotes relapse in recovered drug addicts is

Accepted Answer

A)  the experience of stress. 
B)  taking up smoking. 
C)  going on a diet for weight loss. 
D)  inactivation of the central nucleus of the amygdala. 
E)  taking on a new career. 
A)  the experience of stress. 
B)  taking up smoking. 
C)  going on a diet for weight loss. 
D)  inactivation of the central nucleus of the amygdala. 
E)  taking on a new career.

Question 12

The drug _______ is an agonist at CB1 receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol 
B)  marijuana 
C)  LSD 
D)  cocaine 
E)  nicotine 
A)  alcohol 
B)  marijuana 
C)  LSD 
D)  cocaine 
E)  nicotine

Question 13

The primary mode of action by which alcohol can produce apoptosis is as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  direct agonist at GABAA receptors. 
B)  agonist at α1 adrenoceptors. 
C)  direct antagonist at GABAA receptors. 
D)  indirect antagonist at glycine receptors. 
E)  cholinergic agonist. 
A)  direct agonist at GABAA receptors. 
B)  agonist at α1 adrenoceptors. 
C)  direct antagonist at GABAA receptors. 
D)  indirect antagonist at glycine receptors. 
E)  cholinergic agonist.

Question 14

The anxiolytic effects of alcohol may be due to increased sensitivity of ________ receptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The anxiolytic effects of alcohol may be...

Question 15

The risk of ________ may be increased in cannabis users.

Accepted Answer

A)  anxiety 
B)  psychosis 
C)  mania 
D)  depression 
E)  obesity 
A)  anxiety 
B)  psychosis 
C)  mania 
D)  depression 
E)  obesity

Question 16

The ability of THC to produce a "high" seems to be related to

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of the CB1 receptor. 
B)  inhibition of dopamine within the nucleus accumbens. 
C)  inactivation of GABA neurons in the cortex. 
D)  inactivation of the CB1 receptor. 
E)  release of cortisol from the adrenal glands. 
A)  activation of the CB1 receptor. 
B)  inhibition of dopamine within the nucleus accumbens. 
C)  inactivation of GABA neurons in the cortex. 
D)  inactivation of the CB1 receptor. 
E)  release of cortisol from the adrenal glands.

Question 17

Neurons within the ________ facilitate drug craving.

Accepted Answer

A)  medial prefrontal cortex 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  dorsal anterior cingulate cortex 
D)  hypothalamus 
E)  cerebellum 
A)  medial prefrontal cortex 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  dorsal anterior cingulate cortex 
D)  hypothalamus 
E)  cerebellum

Question 18

Administration of a drug that is an agonist at only mu receptors would be expected to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperthermia. 
B)  arousal. 
C)  sedation. 
D)  reinforcement. 
E)  dysphoria. 
A)  hyperthermia. 
B)  arousal. 
C)  sedation. 
D)  reinforcement. 
E)  dysphoria.

Question 19

A substance that is a positive reinforcer

Accepted Answer

A)  increases behavior by adding a positive reward. 
B)  decreases a behavior by adding a positive reward. 
C)  increases behavior by taking away something bad. 
D)  decreases behavior by taking away something bad. 
E)  is equally as powerful as a negative reinforcer. 
A)  increases behavior by adding a positive reward. 
B)  decreases a behavior by adding a positive reward. 
C)  increases behavior by taking away something bad. 
D)  decreases behavior by taking away something bad. 
E)  is equally as powerful as a negative reinforcer.

Question 20

If provided orally, _______________ increases opiate levels in the brain, which prevents a high from heroin administration.

Accepted Answer

A)  methadone 
B)  demerol 
C)  buprenorphine 
D)  an SSRI 
E)  an SNRI 
A)  methadone 
B)  demerol 
C)  buprenorphine 
D)  an SSRI 
E)  an SNRI

When an individual uses opiate drugs,

Which of the following is an explanation of why drug abusers prefer heroin over morphine?

Administration of an opiate drug that is an agonist at only kappa receptors would be expected to produce

The reinforcing effect of nicotine appears to be caused by _ of nicotinic receptors in the ______.

Long-term drug use can result in

______________________ occurs when an organism performs a behavior to avoid a negative consequence. For example, a child may clean his or her room to avoid getting in trouble with his or her mother.

The key property of drugs that are frequently abused relates to

Match up the correct pairing of opiate receptor and opiate effect. Question is same as previous; previous answer (kappa; aversive) is also included here, but is not identified as the correct answer this time.

Which of the following is true of opiate abuse?

Match up the correct pairing of a drug with its site of action.

A common factor that promotes relapse in recovered drug addicts is

The drug _______ is an agonist at CB1 receptors.

The primary mode of action by which alcohol can produce apoptosis is as a(n)

The anxiolytic effects of alcohol may be due to increased sensitivity of ________ receptors.

The risk of ________ may be increased in cannabis users.

The ability of THC to produce a "high" seems to be related to

Neurons within the ________ facilitate drug craving.

Administration of a drug that is an agonist at only mu receptors would be expected to produce

A substance that is a positive reinforcer

If provided orally, _______________ increases opiate levels in the brain, which prevents a high from heroin administration.

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Filters

Exam 18: Substance Abuse

When an individual uses opiate drugs,

Which of the following is an explanation of why drug abusers prefer heroin over morphine?

Administration of an opiate drug that is an agonist at only kappa receptors would be expected to produce

The reinforcing effect of nicotine appears to be caused by _________ of nicotinic receptors in the ______________.

Long-term drug use can result in

______________________ occurs when an organism performs a behavior to avoid a negative consequence. For example, a child may clean his or her room to avoid getting in trouble with his or her mother.

The key property of drugs that are frequently abused relates to

Match up the correct pairing of opiate receptor and opiate effect. Question is same as previous; previous answer (kappa; aversive) is also included here, but is not identified as the correct answer this time.

Which of the following is true of opiate abuse?

Match up the correct pairing of a drug with its site of action.

A common factor that promotes relapse in recovered drug addicts is

The drug _______ is an agonist at CB1 receptors.

The primary mode of action by which alcohol can produce apoptosis is as a(n)

The anxiolytic effects of alcohol may be due to increased sensitivity of ________ receptors.

The risk of ________ may be increased in cannabis users.

The ability of THC to produce a "high" seems to be related to

Neurons within the ________ facilitate drug craving.

Administration of a drug that is an agonist at only mu receptors would be expected to produce

A substance that is a positive reinforcer

If provided orally, _______________ increases opiate levels in the brain, which prevents a high from heroin administration.

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Filters

The reinforcing effect of nicotine appears to be caused by _ of nicotinic receptors in the ______.