Exam 4: Society

Explain how Marx and Weber held somewhat different ideas about the cause of alienation in modern society.

Briefly explain Durkheim's belief that studying individuals alone can never capture the essence of society.

According to Karl Marx, the foundation of society is the family.

Weber argued that the development of industrial capitalism had its roots in a set of religious ideas linked to Calvinism.

Durkheim claimed that, in a modern society such as the United States, people with the strongest social bonds had the highest rates of suicide.

Hunting and gathering societies around the world contain a large and increasing share in the global population.

What Lenski called the industrial society and Marx called the capitalist society, Weber considered

Huge empires-such as the Roman Empire that included tens of millions of people and several million square miles-were based on agrarian technology.

Karl Marx claimed that societies were defined by patterns of social conflict.

Briefly describe societies based on hunting and gathering, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture, and industry.

Agrarian technology developed based on the use of

Agrarian societies typically have dramatic social inequality.

What is "mechanical solidarity"? How does it differ from "organic solidarity"? Does one type of solidarity seem "better" than the other in any way? Why?

The birth of the discipline of sociology took place during the development of which type of society?

What type of society engages in large-scale farming based on the use of plows drawn by animals or more powerful energy sources?

Durkheim used the concept "anomie" to mean the same thing as Marx's concept of "alienation."

The driving force of social change, according to Marx, is

Marx looked forward to the transformation of capitalism into a more equal and humane society that he called socialism.

Which of the following factors would Lenski's approach highlight as bringing about change in society?

When Weber used the concept "rationality," he had in mind