Question 1

Industrial technology tends to weaken the family, reducing its importance as the center of social life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Many pastoral societies are nomadic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Modern societies differ from traditional societies because they have more productive specialization-that is, a more complex division of labor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Marx argued that industrial-capitalist societies had two main divisions: capitalists and proletarians.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

As the suffering of workers became worse, Marx predicted that they would

Accepted Answer

A) eventually starve to death. 
B) rise up against the capitalist system. 
C) go into business for themselves. 
D) demand that women as well as men join the labor force. 
A) eventually starve to death. 
B) rise up against the capitalist system. 
C) go into business for themselves. 
D) demand that women as well as men join the labor force.

Question 6

Compared to hunting and gathering societies, horticultural and pastoral societies have more productive specialization and greater social inequality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What does Gerhard Lenski mean by "sociocultural evolution"? Why does he argue that technology shapes every aspect of society?

Accepted Answer

Gerhard Lenski, a sociologist, defines s

Question 8

According to Gerhard Lenski, which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society?

Accepted Answer

A) technology 
B) social conflict 
C) human ideas 
D) human desire for change 
A) technology 
B) social conflict 
C) human ideas 
D) human desire for change

Question 9

Weber could see the advantages of industrial capitalism,

Accepted Answer

A) and he was optimistic about the future. 
B) but he thought it would never actually develop. 
C) but he thought workers would soon overthrow this system. 
D) but he was pessimistic about the future. 
A) and he was optimistic about the future. 
B) but he thought it would never actually develop. 
C) but he thought workers would soon overthrow this system. 
D) but he was pessimistic about the future.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of hunting and gathering societies?

Accepted Answer

A) Population is small; they are nomadic. 
B) Population is large; they live in villages. 
C) Population is small; they raise crops and animals. 
D) Population is large; most people are farmers. 
A) Population is small; they are nomadic. 
B) Population is large; they live in villages. 
C) Population is small; they raise crops and animals. 
D) Population is large; most people are farmers.

Question 11

Marx believed that proletarians could never overcome their false consciousness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Explain why Karl Marx believed capitalist society was irrational, while Max Weber believed it was very rational.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx believed that capitalist socie

Question 13

Marx described the widespread beliefs that supported the capitalist economic system as

Accepted Answer

A) false consciousness. 
B) class consciousness. 
C) cultural awareness. 
D) revolutionary politics. 
A) false consciousness. 
B) class consciousness. 
C) cultural awareness. 
D) revolutionary politics.

Question 14

Gerhard Lenski claims that the invention of horticultural or pastoral technology is a clear case of societal progress towards a better way of life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What would Marx propose as a solution to the problem of alienation? What would Weber propose as a solution to the same problem as he understood it? What would Durkheim propose as a solution to the problem of anomie? Which of these three problems do you think is the most serious in today's world? Why? How might you address these three issues?

Accepted Answer

Marx would propose a solution to the pro

Question 16

How did Weber describe the thought patterns of the members of traditional societies?

Accepted Answer

A) People look open-mindedly to the future. 
B) People pass the same values and beliefs from generation to generation. 
C) People live in the present, paying little attention to the past or the future. 
D) People strive to be more and more productive. 
A) People look open-mindedly to the future. 
B) People pass the same values and beliefs from generation to generation. 
C) People live in the present, paying little attention to the past or the future. 
D) People strive to be more and more productive.

Question 17

Modern societies are mostly held together by shared moral sentiments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Huge empires-such as the Roman Empire that included tens of millions of people and several million square miles-were based on agrarian technology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Today, hunting and gathering societies

Accepted Answer

A) are quickly spreading around the world. 
B) represent about half the world's population. 
C) are few in number, but are found on every continent. 
D) are close to disappearing from the world. 
A) are quickly spreading around the world. 
B) represent about half the world's population. 
C) are few in number, but are found on every continent. 
D) are close to disappearing from the world.

Question 20

Why do some analysts describe Max Weber's approach to explaining the rise of modern society as a "debate with the ghost of Karl Marx"?

Accepted Answer

Some analysts describe Max Weber's appro

Exam 4: Society

Industrial technology tends to weaken the family, reducing its importance as the center of social life.

Many pastoral societies are nomadic.

Modern societies differ from traditional societies because they have more productive specialization-that is, a more complex division of labor.

Marx argued that industrial-capitalist societies had two main divisions: capitalists and proletarians.

As the suffering of workers became worse, Marx predicted that they would

Compared to hunting and gathering societies, horticultural and pastoral societies have more productive specialization and greater social inequality.

What does Gerhard Lenski mean by "sociocultural evolution"? Why does he argue that technology shapes every aspect of society?

According to Gerhard Lenski, which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society?

Weber could see the advantages of industrial capitalism,

Which of the following is true of hunting and gathering societies?

Marx believed that proletarians could never overcome their false consciousness.

Explain why Karl Marx believed capitalist society was irrational, while Max Weber believed it was very rational.

Marx described the widespread beliefs that supported the capitalist economic system as

Gerhard Lenski claims that the invention of horticultural or pastoral technology is a clear case of societal progress towards a better way of life.

How did Weber describe the thought patterns of the members of traditional societies?

Modern societies are mostly held together by shared moral sentiments.

Huge empires-such as the Roman Empire that included tens of millions of people and several million square miles-were based on agrarian technology.

Today, hunting and gathering societies

Why do some analysts describe Max Weber's approach to explaining the rise of modern society as a "debate with the ghost of Karl Marx"?

The Sociological Perspective

Sociological Investigation

Culture

Socialization

Social Interaction in Everyday Life

Groups and Organizations

Sexuality and Society

Deviance

Social Stratification

Social Class in the United States

Global Stratification

Gender Stratification

Race and Ethnicity

Aging and the Elderly

The Economy and Work

Politics and Government

Families

Religion

Education

Health and Medicine

Population, Urbanization, and Environment

Collective Behavior and Social Movements

Social Change: Traditional

Filters