Question 1

Coal is formed from

Accepted Answer

A) anthracite. 
B) deeply buried oil sediments. 
C) swamps. 
D) lithified peat. 
A) anthracite. 
B) deeply buried oil sediments. 
C) swamps. 
D) lithified peat.

Question 2

Fluids in a metamorphic reaction

Accepted Answer

A) speed up the process. 
B) neutralize the process. 
C) slow down the process. 
D) have no effect on the process of metamorphism. 
A) speed up the process. 
B) neutralize the process. 
C) slow down the process. 
D) have no effect on the process of metamorphism.

Question 3

The majority of surface rocks are

Accepted Answer

A) extrusive. 
B) sedimentary. 
C) intrusive. 
D) metamorphic. 
A) extrusive. 
B) sedimentary. 
C) intrusive. 
D) metamorphic.

Question 4

The type of mineral formed is determined by

Accepted Answer

A) crystallization. 
B) the elements present and the conditions that lead to formation. 
C) silica content. 
D) chemical bonding. 
A) crystallization. 
B) the elements present and the conditions that lead to formation. 
C) silica content. 
D) chemical bonding.

Question 5

In contact metamorphism, we generally find

Accepted Answer

A) water-rich, high-temperature rocks at the contact border. 
B) dry, high-temperature rocks at the contact border. 
C) water-rich, low-temperature rocks at the contact border. 
D) dry, low-temperature rocks at the contact border. 
A) water-rich, high-temperature rocks at the contact border. 
B) dry, high-temperature rocks at the contact border. 
C) water-rich, low-temperature rocks at the contact border. 
D) dry, low-temperature rocks at the contact border.

Question 6

Shield volcanoes are composed of

Accepted Answer

A) andesitic magma. 
B) basaltic magma. 
C) granitic magma. 
D) silica-rich magma. 
A) andesitic magma. 
B) basaltic magma. 
C) granitic magma. 
D) silica-rich magma.

Question 7

What is the difference between a mineral and an element?

Accepted Answer

An element is a material consisting of o

Question 8

The two most common igneous rocks are basalt and granite. Basalt is commonly found ________, and granite is found ________

Accepted Answer

A) on the ocean floor; on the continents. 
B) on both the ocean floor and continental land; only on the continents. 
C) on the continents; on the ocean floor. 
D) on the ocean floor; on both the ocean floor and on continental land. 
A) on the ocean floor; on the continents. 
B) on both the ocean floor and continental land; only on the continents. 
C) on the continents; on the ocean floor. 
D) on the ocean floor; on both the ocean floor and on continental land.

Question 9

Foliation in metamorphic rocks is due to directed stress, which causes elongated minerals to orient themselves

Accepted Answer

A) in parallel planes with the face of each plane parallel to the direction of maximum stress. 
B) in alignment. 
C) so that smaller crystals precede larger crystals. 
D) in parallel planes perpendicular to the direction of maximum stress. 
A) in parallel planes with the face of each plane parallel to the direction of maximum stress. 
B) in alignment. 
C) so that smaller crystals precede larger crystals. 
D) in parallel planes perpendicular to the direction of maximum stress.

Question 10

Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weakness. What factors determine these planes of weakness?

Accepted Answer

Crystal st

Question 11

As rock is heated, the first minerals to melt are those

Accepted Answer

A) with the highest melting point. 
B) with the lowest melting point. 
C) composed of granitic magma. 
D) that have undergone partial distillation. 
A) with the highest melting point. 
B) with the lowest melting point. 
C) composed of granitic magma. 
D) that have undergone partial distillation.

Question 12

All of the following occur during metamorphism EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) melting. 
B) recrystallization. 
C) interaction with chemical fluids. 
D) changes in composition. 
A) melting. 
B) recrystallization. 
C) interaction with chemical fluids. 
D) changes in composition.

Question 13

Metamorphism caused by the alteration of rock by both thermal and mechanical means is called

Accepted Answer

A) contact metamorphism. 
B) dynamic metamorphism. 
C) regional metamorphism. 
D) none of the above 
A) contact metamorphism. 
B) dynamic metamorphism. 
C) regional metamorphism. 
D) none of the above

Question 14

Does the rock cycle always follow a certain path? In other words, is it a one-way process?

Accepted Answer

No, as its name implies, the rock cycle

Question 15

Petroleum and oil reserves are often found in sedimentary rocks because

Accepted Answer

A) these rocks are very porous and permeable. 
B) chemical changes occur to create these reserves. 
C) these rocks often contain fossilized organic matter. 
D) oil accumulates in the sediments. 
A) these rocks are very porous and permeable. 
B) chemical changes occur to create these reserves. 
C) these rocks often contain fossilized organic matter. 
D) oil accumulates in the sediments.

Question 16

The three most common cementing agents in a sedimentary rock are

Accepted Answer

A) silica, calcite, and hematite. 
B) calcite, silica, and iron oxide. 
C) silica, carbonate, and feldspar. 
D) silica, iron oxide, and sandstone. 
A) silica, calcite, and hematite. 
B) calcite, silica, and iron oxide. 
C) silica, carbonate, and feldspar. 
D) silica, iron oxide, and sandstone.

Question 17

The last minerals to crystallize from a cooling magma have a

Accepted Answer

A) high melting point and a low silica content. 
B) low melting point and a high silica content. 
C) high melting point and a high silica content. 
D) low melting point and a low silica content. 
A) high melting point and a low silica content. 
B) low melting point and a high silica content. 
C) high melting point and a high silica content. 
D) low melting point and a low silica content.

Question 18

How does sediment turn into sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

The transformation of sediments to sedim

Question 19

The rock that has undergone the greatest extent of metamorphic change is

Accepted Answer

A) gneiss. 
B) slate. 
C) shale. 
D) schist. 
A) gneiss. 
B) slate. 
C) shale. 
D) schist.

Question 20

What effect do fluids have on metamorphism?

Accepted Answer

Fluids enclosed in pore spaces act as a

Exam 20: Rocks and Minerals

Coal is formed from

Fluids in a metamorphic reaction

The majority of surface rocks are

The type of mineral formed is determined by

In contact metamorphism, we generally find

Shield volcanoes are composed of

What is the difference between a mineral and an element?

The two most common igneous rocks are basalt and granite. Basalt is commonly found ________, and granite is found ________

Foliation in metamorphic rocks is due to directed stress, which causes elongated minerals to orient themselves

Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weakness. What factors determine these planes of weakness?

As rock is heated, the first minerals to melt are those

All of the following occur during metamorphism EXCEPT

Metamorphism caused by the alteration of rock by both thermal and mechanical means is called

Does the rock cycle always follow a certain path? In other words, is it a one-way process?

Petroleum and oil reserves are often found in sedimentary rocks because

The three most common cementing agents in a sedimentary rock are

The last minerals to crystallize from a cooling magma have a

How does sediment turn into sedimentary rock?

The rock that has undergone the greatest extent of metamorphic change is

What effect do fluids have on metamorphism?

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

Mixtures

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Timereading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: the Nature of Science

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The two most common igneous rocks are basalt and granite. Basalt is commonly found , and granite is found