Question 1

Describe two sources from which minerals can crystallize.

Accepted Answer

Minerals crystallize from 1)magma-molten

Question 2

Volcanic rocks form from

Accepted Answer

A) the eruption of viscous magma. 
B) partial melting of basalt. 
C) solidification of lava. 
A) the eruption of viscous magma. 
B) partial melting of basalt. 
C) solidification of lava.

Question 3

The Earth's temperature increases with depth. Pressure also increases with depth from the weight of the rock above. As pressure increases the

Accepted Answer

A) rock above begins to melt. 
B) melting point of the rock (at depth)decreases. 
C) melting point of the rock (at depth)also increases. 
D) temperature increases, rocks begin to melt. 
A) rock above begins to melt. 
B) melting point of the rock (at depth)decreases. 
C) melting point of the rock (at depth)also increases. 
D) temperature increases, rocks begin to melt.

Question 4

Most rock-forming minerals are members of the group called

Accepted Answer

A) silicates. 
B) carbonates. 
C) sulfates. 
D) oxides. 
A) silicates. 
B) carbonates. 
C) sulfates. 
D) oxides.

Question 5

Which of the following rocks would be the first to weather in a humid climate? Which would be the last? Defend your answers. (a)granite (b)sandstone (c)limestone (d)halite

Accepted Answer

Halite would be the first to weather sin

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of clastic sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A) They are composed of small pieces of weathered rock. 
B) They are classified by particle size. 
C) They are created by precipitation. 
D) They may contain organic matter. 
A) They are composed of small pieces of weathered rock. 
B) They are classified by particle size. 
C) They are created by precipitation. 
D) They may contain organic matter.

Question 7

The most violent volcanic explosions are generated from

Accepted Answer

A) basaltic lava flows. 
B) andesitic lava flows. 
C) granitic lava flows. 
D) ocean floor lava flows. 
A) basaltic lava flows. 
B) andesitic lava flows. 
C) granitic lava flows. 
D) ocean floor lava flows.

Question 8

In a cooling magma, which minerals are the last to crystallize?

Accepted Answer

Minerals with low me

Question 9

The most common mineral in Earth's crust is ________, and the second most common mineral is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) quartz, feldspar 
B) feldspar, quartz 
C) silicate, carbonate 
D) olivine, feldspar 
A) quartz, feldspar 
B) feldspar, quartz 
C) silicate, carbonate 
D) olivine, feldspar

Question 10

As sediments accumulate, compaction and cementation produce sedimentary rock. This process is called

Accepted Answer

A) consolidation. 
B) solidification. 
C) lithification. 
D) solifluction. 
A) consolidation. 
B) solidification. 
C) lithification. 
D) solifluction.

Question 11

What two factors can change a rock's melting point?

Accepted Answer

Pressure and water. Inside Earth, pressu

Question 12

What does partial melting have to do with silica content of a magma?

Accepted Answer

Partial melting produces magmas with a h

Question 13

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

Accepted Answer

Intrusive igneous rocks form below Earth

Question 14

Minerals that have the same combination of elements but with different atomic arrangements are called

Accepted Answer

A) polymorphs. 
B) polygonal. 
C) tetrahedra. 
D) polymers. 
A) polymorphs. 
B) polygonal. 
C) tetrahedra. 
D) polymers.

Question 15

A foliated metamorphic rock derived from granite is

Accepted Answer

A) gneiss. 
B) quartzite. 
C) slate. 
D) marble. 
A) gneiss. 
B) quartzite. 
C) slate. 
D) marble.

Question 16

The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are

Accepted Answer

A) silicates and carbonates. 
B) silicon and oxygen. 
C) oxygen and aluminum. 
D) quartz and feldspar. 
A) silicates and carbonates. 
B) silicon and oxygen. 
C) oxygen and aluminum. 
D) quartz and feldspar.

Question 17

Ice wedging-freezing of water in cracks-is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) chemical weathering. 
B) mechanical weathering. 
C) iron oxide stain. 
D) lithification. 
A) chemical weathering. 
B) mechanical weathering. 
C) iron oxide stain. 
D) lithification.

Question 18

When rock is broken down into smaller and smaller pieces, we say the rock has undergone

Accepted Answer

A) chemical weathering. 
B) mechanical weathering. 
C) erosion. 
D) lithification. 
A) chemical weathering. 
B) mechanical weathering. 
C) erosion. 
D) lithification.

Question 19

Carbonate deposition occurs in environments that are

Accepted Answer

A) warm and humid. 
B) cool and wet. 
C) monsoonal. 
D) dry as deserts. 
A) warm and humid. 
B) cool and wet. 
C) monsoonal. 
D) dry as deserts.

Question 20

The last minerals to crystallize from a cooling magma have the

Accepted Answer

A) lowest melting point and the highest percentage of silica. 
B) lowest melting point and the lowest percentage of silica. 
C) highest melting point and the highest percentage of silica. 
D) highest melting point and the lowest percentage of silica. 
A) lowest melting point and the highest percentage of silica. 
B) lowest melting point and the lowest percentage of silica. 
C) highest melting point and the highest percentage of silica. 
D) highest melting point and the lowest percentage of silica.

Exam 20: Rocks and Minerals

Describe two sources from which minerals can crystallize.

Volcanic rocks form from

The Earth's temperature increases with depth. Pressure also increases with depth from the weight of the rock above. As pressure increases the

Most rock-forming minerals are members of the group called

Which of the following rocks would be the first to weather in a humid climate? Which would be the last? Defend your answers. (a)granite (b)sandstone (c)limestone (d)halite

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of clastic sedimentary rock?

The most violent volcanic explosions are generated from

In a cooling magma, which minerals are the last to crystallize?

The most common mineral in Earth's crust is ________, and the second most common mineral is ________.

As sediments accumulate, compaction and cementation produce sedimentary rock. This process is called

What two factors can change a rock's melting point?

What does partial melting have to do with silica content of a magma?

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

Minerals that have the same combination of elements but with different atomic arrangements are called

A foliated metamorphic rock derived from granite is

The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are

Ice wedging-freezing of water in cracks-is an example of

When rock is broken down into smaller and smaller pieces, we say the rock has undergone

Carbonate deposition occurs in environments that are

The last minerals to crystallize from a cooling magma have the

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

Mixtures

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Timereading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: the Nature of Science

Filters

The most common mineral in Earth's crust is , and the second most common mineral is .