Question 1

Distinguish between metamorphic foliation and sedimentary layering.

Accepted Answer

Foliation is the realignment of minerals

Question 2

The most common rock forming minerals are composed of predominantly eight elements. These minerals are the

Accepted Answer

A) silicates, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, and sulfates. 
B) silicates, sulfides, and oxides. 
C) silicons, borates, oxides, sulfides, and carbonates. 
D) sulfates, oxides, and carbonates. 
A) silicates, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, and sulfates. 
B) silicates, sulfides, and oxides. 
C) silicons, borates, oxides, sulfides, and carbonates. 
D) sulfates, oxides, and carbonates.

Question 3

Beautiful cone-shaped volcanoes such as Mt. Fuji, Mt. Hood, and Mt. Rainer are predominantly composed of

Accepted Answer

A) basaltic rocks. 
B) andesitic rocks. 
C) granitic rocks. 
A) basaltic rocks. 
B) andesitic rocks. 
C) granitic rocks.

Question 4

Rocks can begin to melt if

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in pressure results in a sufficient decrease in the rock's melting point. 
B) the rock's water content increases thereby decreasing the rock's melting point. 
C) heated by rising magma from the Earth's interior. 
D) all of the above. 
E) none of the above. 
A) a decrease in pressure results in a sufficient decrease in the rock's melting point. 
B) the rock's water content increases thereby decreasing the rock's melting point. 
C) heated by rising magma from the Earth's interior. 
D) all of the above. 
E) none of the above.

Question 5

What is an ore?

Accepted Answer

An ore is a mineral deposit th

Question 6

Pebbles of granite are very common in a conglomerate, whereas pebbles of marble are relatively uncommon. Why is this? What are the properties of the different minerals in these rocks?

Accepted Answer

Granite is predominantly composed of qua

Question 7

A rock's initial melting temperature is primarily determined by

Accepted Answer

A) the rocks mineralogy. 
B) its water content. 
C) its internal temperature. 
D) its heat source. 
A) the rocks mineralogy. 
B) its water content. 
C) its internal temperature. 
D) its heat source.

Question 8

Magma that solidifies before reaching Earth's surface is called

Accepted Answer

A) intrusive igneous rock. 
B) plutonic rock. 
C) a pluton. 
D) all of the above. 
A) intrusive igneous rock. 
B) plutonic rock. 
C) a pluton. 
D) all of the above.

Question 9

Which minerals are the first to crystallize in a cooling magma-minerals with a lower percentage of silica or minerals with a higher percentage of silica?

Accepted Answer

Minerals w

Question 10

A non-foliated metamorphic rock is

Accepted Answer

A) slate. 
B) schist. 
C) gneiss. 
D) quartzite. 
A) slate. 
B) schist. 
C) gneiss. 
D) quartzite.

Question 11

The metamorphism of coal to anthracite occurs due to

Accepted Answer

A) high pressure and high temperature. 
B) high temperatures. 
C) contact metamorphism. 
D) crystallization of organic matter. 
A) high pressure and high temperature. 
B) high temperatures. 
C) contact metamorphism. 
D) crystallization of organic matter.

Question 12

Some ________ rock is formed from minerals that were once dissolved in water.

Accepted Answer

A) sedimentary 
B) igneous 
C) metamorphic 
D) igneous and metamorphic 
A) sedimentary 
B) igneous 
C) metamorphic 
D) igneous and metamorphic

Question 13

How does silica content effect volcanic eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Silica content greatly effects magma vis

Question 14

The main producer of sediment is

Accepted Answer

A) mechanical weathering. 
B) ice wedging. 
C) chemical Weathering. 
D) erosion. 
A) mechanical weathering. 
B) ice wedging. 
C) chemical Weathering. 
D) erosion.

Question 15

As the process of crystallization continues (from molten liquid to solid crystal), how does the composition of the molten liquid change?

Accepted Answer

The molten liquid becomes enri

Question 16

Based on its abundance in Earth's crust, most rocks contain a mineral composed of the elements oxygen and

Accepted Answer

A) carbon. 
B) silicon. 
C) iron. 
D) sulfur. 
A) carbon. 
B) silicon. 
C) iron. 
D) sulfur.

Question 17

In a sedimentary rock, small rounded particles indicate a

Accepted Answer

A) long distance and long travel time. 
B) short distance and short travel time. 
C) long distance and short travel time. 
D) short distance and long travel time. 
A) long distance and long travel time. 
B) short distance and short travel time. 
C) long distance and short travel time. 
D) short distance and long travel time.

Question 18

Limestone may be metamorphosed into

Accepted Answer

A) schist. 
B) marble. 
C) quartzite. 
D) gneiss. 
A) schist. 
B) marble. 
C) quartzite. 
D) gneiss.

Question 19

A sedimentary rock can turn into an igneous rock by

Accepted Answer

A) compaction and cementation. 
B) compaction. 
C) melting and cooling. 
D) weathering and lithification. 
A) compaction and cementation. 
B) compaction. 
C) melting and cooling. 
D) weathering and lithification.

Question 20

A mineral's hardness depends on the strength of its chemical bonds. Name and describe the factors that influence hardness.

Accepted Answer

Factors that influence bond strength inf

Exam 20: Rocks and Minerals

Distinguish between metamorphic foliation and sedimentary layering.

The most common rock forming minerals are composed of predominantly eight elements. These minerals are the

Beautiful cone-shaped volcanoes such as Mt. Fuji, Mt. Hood, and Mt. Rainer are predominantly composed of

Rocks can begin to melt if

What is an ore?

Pebbles of granite are very common in a conglomerate, whereas pebbles of marble are relatively uncommon. Why is this? What are the properties of the different minerals in these rocks?

A rock's initial melting temperature is primarily determined by

Magma that solidifies before reaching Earth's surface is called

Which minerals are the first to crystallize in a cooling magma-minerals with a lower percentage of silica or minerals with a higher percentage of silica?

A non-foliated metamorphic rock is

The metamorphism of coal to anthracite occurs due to

Some ________ rock is formed from minerals that were once dissolved in water.

How does silica content effect volcanic eruptions?

The main producer of sediment is

As the process of crystallization continues (from molten liquid to solid crystal), how does the composition of the molten liquid change?

Based on its abundance in Earth's crust, most rocks contain a mineral composed of the elements oxygen and

In a sedimentary rock, small rounded particles indicate a

Limestone may be metamorphosed into

A sedimentary rock can turn into an igneous rock by

A mineral's hardness depends on the strength of its chemical bonds. Name and describe the factors that influence hardness.

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

Mixtures

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Timereading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: the Nature of Science

Filters