Question 1

One of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem is that

Accepted Answer

A) mating within the population is nonrandom. 
B) the size of the population is small. 
C) gene frequencies change by chance alone. 
D) migration into and out of the population occurs regularly. 
E) mutations must not occur or a mutational equilibrium must exist. 
A) mating within the population is nonrandom. 
B) the size of the population is small. 
C) gene frequencies change by chance alone. 
D) migration into and out of the population occurs regularly. 
E) mutations must not occur or a mutational equilibrium must exist.

Question 2

An excellent example of stabilizing selection is the external body form of a:

Accepted Answer

A) horseshoe crab. 
B) dendrobatid Darwin's finch. 
C) peppered moth. 
D) modern horse. 
A) horseshoe crab. 
B) dendrobatid Darwin's finch. 
C) peppered moth. 
D) modern horse.

Question 3

The biological definition of a __________ is a group of populations in which genes are actually,or potentially,exchanged through inter-breeding.

Accepted Answer

A) species 
B) cohort 
C) cline 
D) subspecies 
E) community 
A) species 
B) cohort 
C) cline 
D) subspecies 
E) community

Question 4

The study of the genetic events that occur in a gene pool is

Accepted Answer

A) geneology. 
B) molecular biology. 
C) population genetics. 
D) phenology. 
E) molecular genetics. 
A) geneology. 
B) molecular biology. 
C) population genetics. 
D) phenology. 
E) molecular genetics.

Question 5

A form of natural selection that occurs when both phenotypic extremes are selected against is __________ selection.

Accepted Answer

A) directional 
B) deleterious 
C) discretionary 
D) disruptive 
E) stabilizing 
A) directional 
B) deleterious 
C) discretionary 
D) disruptive 
E) stabilizing

Question 6

Vertebrate hemoglobin and myoglobin are thought to have arisen from a common ancestral molecule due to __________ and subsequent modification.

Accepted Answer

A) gene duplication 
B) multiple replication of DNA 
C) crossing over 
D) aneuploidy 
E) multiple transcription of mRNA 
A) gene duplication 
B) multiple replication of DNA 
C) crossing over 
D) aneuploidy 
E) multiple transcription of mRNA

Question 7

The unusual gene frequencies of the Dunker population of eastern Pennsylvania are due to this phenomenon,which is seen frequently when small groups with unrepresentative gene frequencies break off from a larger population.

Accepted Answer

A) unidirectional selection 
B) population bottleneck 
C) neutral allele 
D) disruptive selection 
E) founder effect 
A) unidirectional selection 
B) population bottleneck 
C) neutral allele 
D) disruptive selection 
E) founder effect

Question 8

Genetic drift is most likely to have noticeable effects in:

Accepted Answer

A) large populations where migration occurs regularly. 
B) small populations where migration occurs regularly. 
C) large populations where mutation occurs regularly. 
D) small, isolated populations. 
E) small populations where mutation and migration occur regularly. 
A) large populations where migration occurs regularly. 
B) small populations where migration occurs regularly. 
C) large populations where mutation occurs regularly. 
D) small, isolated populations. 
E) small populations where mutation and migration occur regularly.

Question 9

Overhunting of the elephant seal dramatically reduced its numbers in the 1800s.The population has since increased,but due to the _____________ effect its genetic diversity is still very low.

Accepted Answer

A) bottleneck 
B) neutral 
C) disruptive 
D) founder 
E) reduction 
A) bottleneck 
B) neutral 
C) disruptive 
D) founder 
E) reduction

Question 10

Mutational equilibrium exists when

Accepted Answer

A) only neutral mutations are occurring. 
B) only positive mutations are occurring. 
C) only negative mutations are occurring. 
D) mutations from wild-type to mutant are balanced by mutations from mutant to wild-type. 
E) mutation pressure becomes higher than the influence of genetic drift. 
A) only neutral mutations are occurring. 
B) only positive mutations are occurring. 
C) only negative mutations are occurring. 
D) mutations from wild-type to mutant are balanced by mutations from mutant to wild-type. 
E) mutation pressure becomes higher than the influence of genetic drift.

Question 11

When natural selection favors certain phenotypes in a population,the population is responding to:

Accepted Answer

A) selection pressure. 
B) peer pressure. 
C) teleology. 
D) equilibrium pressure. 
E) genetic drift. 
A) selection pressure. 
B) peer pressure. 
C) teleology. 
D) equilibrium pressure. 
E) genetic drift.

Question 12

When the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is achieved,evolution

Accepted Answer

A) occurs slowly and at a constant rate. 
B) occurs rapidly and at a constant rate. 
C) occurs in "bursts." 
D) does not occur. 
E) alternates between a constant rate and "bursts," but never ceases. 
A) occurs slowly and at a constant rate. 
B) occurs rapidly and at a constant rate. 
C) occurs in "bursts." 
D) does not occur. 
E) alternates between a constant rate and "bursts," but never ceases.

Exam 5: Evolution and Gene Frequencies

One of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem is that

An excellent example of stabilizing selection is the external body form of a:

The biological definition of a __________ is a group of populations in which genes are actually,or potentially,exchanged through inter-breeding.

The study of the genetic events that occur in a gene pool is

A form of natural selection that occurs when both phenotypic extremes are selected against is __________ selection.

Vertebrate hemoglobin and myoglobin are thought to have arisen from a common ancestral molecule due to __________ and subsequent modification.

The unusual gene frequencies of the Dunker population of eastern Pennsylvania are due to this phenomenon,which is seen frequently when small groups with unrepresentative gene frequencies break off from a larger population.

Genetic drift is most likely to have noticeable effects in:

Overhunting of the elephant seal dramatically reduced its numbers in the 1800s.The population has since increased,but due to the _____________ effect its genetic diversity is still very low.

Mutational equilibrium exists when

When natural selection favors certain phenotypes in a population,the population is responding to:

When the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is achieved,evolution

Zoology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective

Cells, tissues, organs, and Organ Systems of Animals

Cell Division and Inheritance

Evolution: History and Evidence

Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom

Animal Taxonomy, phylogeny, and Organization

Animal-Like Protists: the Protozoa

Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

The Smaller Lophotrochozoan Phyla

Molluscan Success

Annelida: the Metameric Body Form

The Smaller Ecdysozoan Phyla

The Arthropods: Blueprint for Success

The Pancrustacea: Crustacea and Hexapoda

Ambulacraria: Echinoderms and Hemichordates

Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water

Amphibians: the First Terrestrial Vertebrates

Reptiles: Diapsid Amniotes

Birds: Reptiles by Another Name

Mammals: Synapsid Amniotes

Protection, support, and Movement

Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Communication II: the Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Nutrition and Digestion

Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation

Reproduction and Development

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