Question 1

In chordates,the __________ is a dorsal rod,with a sheath of connective tissue,functioning in support.

Accepted Answer

A) spinal column 
B) endostyle 
C) hemichord 
D) backbone 
E) notochord 
A) spinal column 
B) endostyle 
C) hemichord 
D) backbone 
E) notochord E

Question 2

Root-like extensions of the tunic called __________ are used to anchor a tunicate to the substrate.

Accepted Answer

A) canaliculi 
B) interstyles 
C) joints 
D) rhizomes 
E) stolons 
A) canaliculi 
B) interstyles 
C) joints 
D) rhizomes 
E) stolons E

Question 3

The cavity surrounding the pharynx of a tunicate is called the

Accepted Answer

A) atrium. 
B) hemocoel. 
C) coelom. 
D) nephrocoel. 
E) branchiocoel. 
A) atrium. 
B) hemocoel. 
C) coelom. 
D) nephrocoel. 
E) branchiocoel. A

Question 4

Terrestrial vertebrates made their appearance approximately 400 million years ago,near the end of this period:

Accepted Answer

A) Permian. 
B) Ordovician. 
C) Devonian. 
D) Cambrian. 
E) Triassic. 
A) Permian. 
B) Ordovician. 
C) Devonian. 
D) Cambrian. 
E) Triassic.

Question 5

Increased larval motility is often adaptive for species with sedentary adults because it promotes

Accepted Answer

A) dispersal. 
B) sexual reproduction. 
C) ease of feeding. 
D) prey selection. 
E) habitat selection. 
A) dispersal. 
B) sexual reproduction. 
C) ease of feeding. 
D) prey selection. 
E) habitat selection.

Question 6

Unlike the classic ascidian sea squirts,some urochordates,such as the salps,may be

Accepted Answer

A) sessile. 
B) carnivores. 
C) armed with jaws. 
D) bioluminescence and sessile 
E) bioluminescent, planktonic, and swarmers 
A) sessile. 
B) carnivores. 
C) armed with jaws. 
D) bioluminescence and sessile 
E) bioluminescent, planktonic, and swarmers

Question 7

__________ cells in the circulatory system of tunicates accumulate nitrogenous wastes.

Accepted Answer

A) Erythrocyte 
B) Endocyte 
C) Exocyte 
D) Amoeboid 
E) Lymphoid 
A) Erythrocyte 
B) Endocyte 
C) Exocyte 
D) Amoeboid 
E) Lymphoid

Question 8

These animals are commonly used in introductory zoology courses because they possess all five chordate characteristics throughout their life.

Accepted Answer

A) sea squirts 
B) appendicularians 
C) salps 
D) lancelet 
E) acorn worms 
A) sea squirts 
B) appendicularians 
C) salps 
D) lancelet 
E) acorn worms

Question 9

Development in the tunicates involves a __________ larval stage.

Accepted Answer

A) planula 
B) trochophore 
C) tornaria 
D) tadpole 
E) androgenic 
A) planula 
B) trochophore 
C) tornaria 
D) tadpole 
E) androgenic

Question 10

Tentacles,known as __________ surround the oral hood of the cephalochordate.

Accepted Answer

A) cirri 
B) lophophores 
C) apical tufts 
D) villi 
E) cilia 
A) cirri 
B) lophophores 
C) apical tufts 
D) villi 
E) cilia

Question 11

The unattached end of adult urochordates contains two openings on projecting stalks that permit seawater to circulate through the body.They are called

Accepted Answer

A) metapleural folds 
B) siphons 
C) tunicates 
D) diverticulae 
E) stolons 
A) metapleural folds 
B) siphons 
C) tunicates 
D) diverticulae 
E) stolons

Question 12

Which of the following animals is not in the phylum Chordata?

Accepted Answer

A) sea squirts 
B) salps 
C) acorn worms 
D) hagfish 
E) lampreys 
A) sea squirts 
B) salps 
C) acorn worms 
D) hagfish 
E) lampreys

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the five characteristics seen in all chordates at some time in their life history?

Accepted Answer

A) tubular nerve cord 
B) mouth developed from blastopore 
C) notochord 
D) pharyngeal slits 
E) postanal tail 
A) tubular nerve cord 
B) mouth developed from blastopore 
C) notochord 
D) pharyngeal slits 
E) postanal tail

Question 14

Fish,reptiles,birds,and mammals are all members of the subphylum

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperotreti. 
B) Urochordata. 
C) Cephalochordata. 
D) Craniata. 
E) Ascidiacea. 
A) Hyperotreti. 
B) Urochordata. 
C) Cephalochordata. 
D) Craniata. 
E) Ascidiacea.

Question 15

There is little question that Chordata is a monophyletic group.There are some unresolved questions regarding whether the Craniata is more closely related to the Cephalochordata or to the Urochordata.Assume that the following new discoveries were made.Which might sway expert opinion in the direction of a sister relationship between Craniata and Cephalochordata? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Reinterpretations challenging molecular evidence from recent rRNA studies. 
B)  Fossil discoveries suggesting a rudimentary tripartite brain in cephalochordate ancestors. 
C)  Fossil discoveries of a pharyngeal apparatus with an endostyle and many stigmata in early craniate filter feeders. 
D)  Reinterpretations challenging molecular evidence from recent genomic DNA studies. 
A) Reinterpretations challenging molecular evidence from recent rRNA studies. 
B)  Fossil discoveries suggesting a rudimentary tripartite brain in cephalochordate ancestors. 
C)  Fossil discoveries of a pharyngeal apparatus with an endostyle and many stigmata in early craniate filter feeders. 
D)  Reinterpretations challenging molecular evidence from recent genomic DNA studies.

Question 16

Members of the subphylum Cephalochordata are called

Accepted Answer

A) lancelets. 
B) tunicates. 
C) ammocoetes. 
D) salps. 
E) dolioids. 
A) lancelets. 
B) tunicates. 
C) ammocoetes. 
D) salps. 
E) dolioids.

Question 17

In the vertebrates,the notochord

Accepted Answer

A) is present dorsal to the nerve cord. 
B) is present ventral to the gut. 
C) serves as the chondrocranium. 
D) has been transformed into the ear bones. 
E) is replaced by the vertebrae in almost all species. 
A) is present dorsal to the nerve cord. 
B) is present ventral to the gut. 
C) serves as the chondrocranium. 
D) has been transformed into the ear bones. 
E) is replaced by the vertebrae in almost all species.

Question 18

In the tunicates,__________ on the outside of the intestine may function in excretion.

Accepted Answer

A) rectal cecae 
B) chloragogen tissue 
C) pyloric glands 
D) malpighian tubules 
E) coelomocytes 
A) rectal cecae 
B) chloragogen tissue 
C) pyloric glands 
D) malpighian tubules 
E) coelomocytes

Question 19

The gill slits perforating the pharynx of a tunicate are called

Accepted Answer

A) stenolaemata. 
B) stigmas. 
C) gymnolaemata. 
D) lanquets. 
E) laminae. 
A) stenolaemata. 
B) stigmas. 
C) gymnolaemata. 
D) lanquets. 
E) laminae.

Question 20

The tunic of tunicates is composed of proteins,various salts,and

Accepted Answer

A) glycoprotein. 
B) sclerotin. 
C) glycogen. 
D) cellulose. 
E) chitin. 
A) glycoprotein. 
B) sclerotin. 
C) glycogen. 
D) cellulose. 
E) chitin.

Exam 17: Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

In chordates,the __________ is a dorsal rod,with a sheath of connective tissue,functioning in support.

Root-like extensions of the tunic called __________ are used to anchor a tunicate to the substrate.

The cavity surrounding the pharynx of a tunicate is called the

Terrestrial vertebrates made their appearance approximately 400 million years ago,near the end of this period:

Increased larval motility is often adaptive for species with sedentary adults because it promotes

Unlike the classic ascidian sea squirts,some urochordates,such as the salps,may be

__________ cells in the circulatory system of tunicates accumulate nitrogenous wastes.

These animals are commonly used in introductory zoology courses because they possess all five chordate characteristics throughout their life.

Development in the tunicates involves a __________ larval stage.

Tentacles,known as __________ surround the oral hood of the cephalochordate.

The unattached end of adult urochordates contains two openings on projecting stalks that permit seawater to circulate through the body.They are called

Which of the following animals is not in the phylum Chordata?

Which of the following is not one of the five characteristics seen in all chordates at some time in their life history?

Fish,reptiles,birds,and mammals are all members of the subphylum

Members of the subphylum Cephalochordata are called

In the vertebrates,the notochord

In the tunicates,__________ on the outside of the intestine may function in excretion.

The gill slits perforating the pharynx of a tunicate are called

The tunic of tunicates is composed of proteins,various salts,and

Zoology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective

Cells, tissues, organs, and Organ Systems of Animals

Cell Division and Inheritance

Evolution: History and Evidence

Evolution and Gene Frequencies

Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom

Animal Taxonomy, phylogeny, and Organization

Animal-Like Protists: the Protozoa

Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

The Smaller Lophotrochozoan Phyla

Molluscan Success

Annelida: the Metameric Body Form

The Smaller Ecdysozoan Phyla

The Arthropods: Blueprint for Success

The Pancrustacea: Crustacea and Hexapoda

Ambulacraria: Echinoderms and Hemichordates

The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water

Amphibians: the First Terrestrial Vertebrates

Reptiles: Diapsid Amniotes

Birds: Reptiles by Another Name

Mammals: Synapsid Amniotes

Protection, support, and Movement

Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Communication II: the Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Nutrition and Digestion

Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation

Reproduction and Development

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