Question 1

__________ are evidences of past life preserved in stone,coal or other materials.

Accepted Answer

A) Blocks 
B) Bones 
C) Shells 
D) Leaves 
E) Fossils 
A) Blocks 
B) Bones 
C) Shells 
D) Leaves 
E) Fossils E

Question 2

Before publication of On the ORIGIN of Species by Means of Natural Selection,Darwin published a short summary of his theory alongside a paper written by ______________,who had independently arrived at many of the same conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A) Charles Lyell. 
B) Jean Lamarck. 
C) Georges Buffon. 
D) Alfred Wallace. 
E) James Hutton. 
A) Charles Lyell. 
B) Jean Lamarck. 
C) Georges Buffon. 
D) Alfred Wallace. 
E) James Hutton. D

Question 3

The theory of uniformitarianism was based on the idea that the forces that shaped the earth included

Accepted Answer

A) special creation. 
B) gravitational forces. 
C) catastrophic events. 
D) geologic uplift. 
E) planetary interactions. 
A) special creation. 
B) gravitational forces. 
C) catastrophic events. 
D) geologic uplift. 
E) planetary interactions. D

Question 4

__________,grandfather of Charles Darwin,believed in the common origin of all animals.

Accepted Answer

A) Erasmus Darwin 
B) Charles Lyell 
C) Jean Lamarck 
D) Georges-Louis Buffon 
E) James Watson 
A) Erasmus Darwin 
B) Charles Lyell 
C) Jean Lamarck 
D) Georges-Louis Buffon 
E) James Watson

Question 5

Studies in __________ record patterns of animal distribution and seek to understand them.

Accepted Answer

A) biogeography 
B) distributional biology 
C) ecology 
D) geography of animals 
E) paleontology 
A) biogeography 
B) distributional biology 
C) ecology 
D) geography of animals 
E) paleontology

Question 6

In his observations of the tortoises on the Galápagos Islands,Darwin concluded that

Accepted Answer

A) long-necked tortoises acquired their long necks by stretching to reach vegetation. 
B) those tortoises were not related to tortoises on the mainland. 
C) each island species was derived from a different mainland ancestor. 
D) where vegetation was sparse, long-necked tortoises were favored because they could reach higher to get their food. 
E) short-necked tortoises had resulted because of spontaneous generation. 
A) long-necked tortoises acquired their long necks by stretching to reach vegetation. 
B) those tortoises were not related to tortoises on the mainland. 
C) each island species was derived from a different mainland ancestor. 
D) where vegetation was sparse, long-necked tortoises were favored because they could reach higher to get their food. 
E) short-necked tortoises had resulted because of spontaneous generation.

Question 7

Jean Lamarck proposed a theory of evolution involving

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection. 
B) organismic change. 
C) organic selection. 
D) inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
E) consistent revolution. 
A) natural selection. 
B) organismic change. 
C) organic selection. 
D) inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
E) consistent revolution.

Question 8

Lyell and Hutton espoused the idea that natural forces such as wind,rain,and geological uplift,rather than catastrophic events,shaped the earth.This idea was known as

Accepted Answer

A) the geological concept of evolution. 
B) anticatastrophism. 
C) natural selection. 
D) sedimentarianism. 
E) uniformitarianism. 
A) the geological concept of evolution. 
B) anticatastrophism. 
C) natural selection. 
D) sedimentarianism. 
E) uniformitarianism.

Question 9

Thomas Malthus believed that poverty,war,plague,and famine result from a shortage of resources due to the human population's potential to

Accepted Answer

A) increase geometrically. 
B) pollute the air. 
C) cause species to become extinct. 
D) pollute their water supply. 
E) destroy the tropical forests. 
A) increase geometrically. 
B) pollute the air. 
C) cause species to become extinct. 
D) pollute their water supply. 
E) destroy the tropical forests.

Question 10

_______ characteristics and structures evolve between species because these species share a common ancestry.

Accepted Answer

A) Non-adaptive 
B) Analogous 
C) Differential 
D) Homologous 
E) Convergent 
A) Non-adaptive 
B) Analogous 
C) Differential 
D) Homologous 
E) Convergent

Question 11

A type of absolute dating that uses the degree of change in regions of DNA relies on a concept called the

Accepted Answer

A) genetic timescale 
B) molecular clock 
C) evolutionary hourglass 
D) dating constant 
E) DNA degradation theory 
A) genetic timescale 
B) molecular clock 
C) evolutionary hourglass 
D) dating constant 
E) DNA degradation theory

Question 12

Most modern scientists agree that

Accepted Answer

A) Lamarck's theory of evolution is scientifically sound. 
B) evolution is not a scientific certainty. 
C) Buffon's theory is the only possible explanation for evolution. 
D) there is nothing more to be learned about evolution. 
E) Darwin's theory is the most plausible explanation of how evolution occurs. 
A) Lamarck's theory of evolution is scientifically sound. 
B) evolution is not a scientific certainty. 
C) Buffon's theory is the only possible explanation for evolution. 
D) there is nothing more to be learned about evolution. 
E) Darwin's theory is the most plausible explanation of how evolution occurs.

Question 13

The eighteenth century comparative anatomist,__________,became convinced that change had occurred during the history of life on earth,but he thought that organisms degenerated from their previous state.

Accepted Answer

A) Baptiste 
B) Cuvier 
C) Buffon 
D) Lamarck 
E) Linnaeus 
A) Baptiste 
B) Cuvier 
C) Buffon 
D) Lamarck 
E) Linnaeus

Question 14

Similar structures in unrelated organisms that arise through convergent evolution are called

Accepted Answer

A) nonadaptive structures. 
B) analogous structures. 
C) differential structures. 
D) homologous structures. 
E) convergent structures. 
A) nonadaptive structures. 
B) analogous structures. 
C) differential structures. 
D) homologous structures. 
E) convergent structures.

Question 15

The idea of evolution did not originate with Charles Darwin.For example,the Greek philosophers __________ believed that living organisms changed over long time periods.

Accepted Answer

A) Aristophanes and Empedocles 
B) Empedocles and Aristotle 
C) Cato and Aristophanes 
D) Aristotle and Plato 
E) Cato and Plato 
A) Aristophanes and Empedocles 
B) Empedocles and Aristotle 
C) Cato and Aristophanes 
D) Aristotle and Plato 
E) Cato and Plato

Question 16

Which of the following is not a main point in Darwin's theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Inherited variations exist. 
B) All organisms have far less reproductive potential than first thought. 
C) There is a constant struggle for existence. 
D) Adaptive traits will be perpetuated in subsequent generations. 
E) Organisms produce more offspring than resources can support. 
A) Inherited variations exist. 
B) All organisms have far less reproductive potential than first thought. 
C) There is a constant struggle for existence. 
D) Adaptive traits will be perpetuated in subsequent generations. 
E) Organisms produce more offspring than resources can support.

Question 17

An important component of Darwin's theory is that

Accepted Answer

A) natural populations contain genetic variation. 
B) acquired characteristics can be inherited. 
C) genes are the basic hereditary units. 
D) variations are never harmful. 
E) non-adaptive traits tend to become more frequent. 
A) natural populations contain genetic variation. 
B) acquired characteristics can be inherited. 
C) genes are the basic hereditary units. 
D) variations are never harmful. 
E) non-adaptive traits tend to become more frequent.

Question 18

Microevolution is described by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Changes in the frequency of alleles in a population 
B) Changes in the frequency of alleles in an individual 
C) Changes in anatomical structures found in a population when compared to ancestral forms of the species 
D) Changes in anatomical structures found in an individual when compared to ancestral forms of the species 
A) Changes in the frequency of alleles in a population 
B) Changes in the frequency of alleles in an individual 
C) Changes in anatomical structures found in a population when compared to ancestral forms of the species 
D) Changes in anatomical structures found in an individual when compared to ancestral forms of the species

Question 19

Darwin found fossil remains of several extinct species in South America.He considered the fossils to be evidence that

Accepted Answer

A) numerous catastrophic events had occurred. 
B) acquired characteristics are inherited. 
C) the species composition of the planet had changed over time. 
D) all life forms are immortal. 
E) horses and sloths were closely related. 
A) numerous catastrophic events had occurred. 
B) acquired characteristics are inherited. 
C) the species composition of the planet had changed over time. 
D) all life forms are immortal. 
E) horses and sloths were closely related.

Question 20

Darwin's most important publication was

Accepted Answer

A) Principles of Geology. 
B) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 
C) The Theory of Uniformitarianism. 
D) Essay on the Principle of Population. 
E) The Galápagos Expedition. 
A) Principles of Geology. 
B) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 
C) The Theory of Uniformitarianism. 
D) Essay on the Principle of Population. 
E) The Galápagos Expedition.

Exam 4: Evolution: History and Evidence

__________ are evidences of past life preserved in stone,coal or other materials.

Before publication of On the ORIGIN of Species by Means of Natural Selection,Darwin published a short summary of his theory alongside a paper written by ______________,who had independently arrived at many of the same conclusions.

The theory of uniformitarianism was based on the idea that the forces that shaped the earth included

__________,grandfather of Charles Darwin,believed in the common origin of all animals.

Studies in __________ record patterns of animal distribution and seek to understand them.

In his observations of the tortoises on the Galápagos Islands,Darwin concluded that

Jean Lamarck proposed a theory of evolution involving

Lyell and Hutton espoused the idea that natural forces such as wind,rain,and geological uplift,rather than catastrophic events,shaped the earth.This idea was known as

Thomas Malthus believed that poverty,war,plague,and famine result from a shortage of resources due to the human population's potential to

_______ characteristics and structures evolve between species because these species share a common ancestry.

A type of absolute dating that uses the degree of change in regions of DNA relies on a concept called the

Most modern scientists agree that

The eighteenth century comparative anatomist,__________,became convinced that change had occurred during the history of life on earth,but he thought that organisms degenerated from their previous state.

Similar structures in unrelated organisms that arise through convergent evolution are called

The idea of evolution did not originate with Charles Darwin.For example,the Greek philosophers __________ believed that living organisms changed over long time periods.

Which of the following is not a main point in Darwin's theory?

An important component of Darwin's theory is that

Microevolution is described by which of the following?

Darwin found fossil remains of several extinct species in South America.He considered the fossils to be evidence that

Darwin's most important publication was

Zoology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective

Cells, tissues, organs, and Organ Systems of Animals

Cell Division and Inheritance

Evolution and Gene Frequencies

Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom

Animal Taxonomy, phylogeny, and Organization

Animal-Like Protists: the Protozoa

Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

The Smaller Lophotrochozoan Phyla

Molluscan Success

Annelida: the Metameric Body Form

The Smaller Ecdysozoan Phyla

The Arthropods: Blueprint for Success

The Pancrustacea: Crustacea and Hexapoda

Ambulacraria: Echinoderms and Hemichordates

Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water

Amphibians: the First Terrestrial Vertebrates

Reptiles: Diapsid Amniotes

Birds: Reptiles by Another Name

Mammals: Synapsid Amniotes

Protection, support, and Movement

Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Communication II: the Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Nutrition and Digestion

Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation

Reproduction and Development

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