Question 1

When individuals of an intermediate phenotype are at a relative disadvantage within the population,__________ selection is occurring.

Accepted Answer

A) directional 
B) deleterious 
C) stabilizing 
D) disruptive 
E) discretionary 
A) directional 
B) deleterious 
C) stabilizing 
D) disruptive 
E) discretionary D

Question 2

The work of Peter and Rosemary Grant,on morphological changes in the bills of Galápagos finches,shows that evolution can be

Accepted Answer

A) convergent. 
B) rapid. 
C) divergent. 
D) gradual. 
E) sympatric. 
A) convergent. 
B) rapid. 
C) divergent. 
D) gradual. 
E) sympatric. B

Question 3

Parapatric speciation may occur among small,local populations called

Accepted Answer

A) demes. 
B) clines. 
C) cohorts. 
D) communities. 
E) pools. 
A) demes. 
B) clines. 
C) cohorts. 
D) communities. 
E) pools. A

Question 4

The total genetic makeup of a population is the

Accepted Answer

A) genotype. 
B) gene pool. 
C) phenotype. 
D) karyotype. 
E) RNA pool. 
A) genotype. 
B) gene pool. 
C) phenotype. 
D) karyotype. 
E) RNA pool.

Question 5

Geographic isolation can lead to speciation,and when it does,the speciation is called

Accepted Answer

A) allelopathic. 
B) parapatric. 
C) allopatric. 
D) parapathetic. 
E) sympatric. 
A) allelopathic. 
B) parapatric. 
C) allopatric. 
D) parapathetic. 
E) sympatric.

Question 6

One of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem is that

Accepted Answer

A) the size of the population is small. 
B) gene frequencies change by chance alone. 
C) migration into and out of the population occurs regularly. 
D) mating within the population is random. 
E) mutations occur regularly. 
A) the size of the population is small. 
B) gene frequencies change by chance alone. 
C) migration into and out of the population occurs regularly. 
D) mating within the population is random. 
E) mutations occur regularly.

Question 7

A requirement for speciation is that subpopulations

Accepted Answer

A) continue to interact with one another. 
B) become reproductively isolated from one another. 
C) never experience mutations. 
D) exhibit balanced polymorphism. 
A) continue to interact with one another. 
B) become reproductively isolated from one another. 
C) never experience mutations. 
D) exhibit balanced polymorphism.

Question 8

_____ speciation in a population of animals is believed to occur extremely rarely.

Accepted Answer

A) Sympatric 
B) Parapatric 
C) Allopatric 
D) Small 
E) Reproductively isolated 
A) Sympatric 
B) Parapatric 
C) Allopatric 
D) Small 
E) Reproductively isolated

Question 9

Darwin perceived evolutionary change as occurring gradually over millions of years; this has been the traditional interpretation of the pace of evolution and is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) punctuated equilibrium. 
B) gradualistic equilibrium. 
C) phyletic gradualism. 
D) phyletic punctuation. 
E) the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
A) punctuated equilibrium. 
B) gradualistic equilibrium. 
C) phyletic gradualism. 
D) phyletic punctuation. 
E) the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Question 10

When chance events influence the frequency of alleles within a population,__________ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) preadaptation 
B) genetic drift 
C) adaptation 
D) adaptive radiation 
E) genetic radiation 
A) preadaptation 
B) genetic drift 
C) adaptation 
D) adaptive radiation 
E) genetic radiation

Question 11

Natural selection acts on individual __________,not on individual genes.

Accepted Answer

A) phenotypes 
B) karyotypes 
C) genotypes 
D) chromosomes 
A) phenotypes 
B) karyotypes 
C) genotypes 
D) chromosomes

Question 12

In the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution,periods of evolution are:

Accepted Answer

A) long, with gradual change 
B) long, with rapid change 
C) long, with fluctuating change 
D) short, with slow change 
E) short, with rapid change 
A) long, with gradual change 
B) long, with rapid change 
C) long, with fluctuating change 
D) short, with slow change 
E) short, with rapid change

Question 13

Mutations of an organism's DNA are

Accepted Answer

A) always harmful to the organism. 
B) extremely rare in natural populations. 
C) are always directed toward the good of the individual. 
D) accumulated in the somatic cells through life and passed to offspring. 
E) sometimes silent and carried through generations with no ill effects. 
A) always harmful to the organism. 
B) extremely rare in natural populations. 
C) are always directed toward the good of the individual. 
D) accumulated in the somatic cells through life and passed to offspring. 
E) sometimes silent and carried through generations with no ill effects.

Question 14

Assuming the conditions set by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,if the frequency of phenotype A is 96%,the frequency of A in the next generation would be

Accepted Answer

A) 8%. 
B) 16%. 
C) 96%. 
D) 48%. 
E) Hardy-Weinberg theory cannot predict the frequency of a phenotype, only a genotype. 
A) 8%. 
B) 16%. 
C) 96%. 
D) 48%. 
E) Hardy-Weinberg theory cannot predict the frequency of a phenotype, only a genotype.

Question 15

In a human population carrying the gene for sickle-cell anemia,and exposed to malaria,several genotypes persist in a

Accepted Answer

A) sex-linked trait. 
B) genetic drift. 
C) disruptive selection. 
D) the bottleneck effect. 
E) balanced polymorphism. 
A) sex-linked trait. 
B) genetic drift. 
C) disruptive selection. 
D) the bottleneck effect. 
E) balanced polymorphism.

Question 16

Which of the following is not an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem?

Accepted Answer

A) The population size must be large. 
B) Sexual reproduction within the population must be random. 
C) No migration is occurring in or out of the population. 
D) Mutations are not occurring or mutational equilibrium has been reached. 
E) Natural selection is acting on the population. 
A) The population size must be large. 
B) Sexual reproduction within the population must be random. 
C) No migration is occurring in or out of the population. 
D) Mutations are not occurring or mutational equilibrium has been reached. 
E) Natural selection is acting on the population.

Question 17

A group of individuals of the same species that occupy a given area at the same time and share a common set of genes is the definition of a/an

Accepted Answer

A) organism. 
B) ecosystem. 
C) community. 
D) population. 
E) gene pool. 
A) organism. 
B) ecosystem. 
C) community. 
D) population. 
E) gene pool.

Question 18

An excellent example of directional selection is

Accepted Answer

A) aposematic coloration. 
B) Mullerian mimicry. 
C) change in the coloration of the peppered moth during the Industrial Revolution. 
D) cryptic coloration. 
E) that Limulus has remained relatively unchanged over millions of years. 
A) aposematic coloration. 
B) Mullerian mimicry. 
C) change in the coloration of the peppered moth during the Industrial Revolution. 
D) cryptic coloration. 
E) that Limulus has remained relatively unchanged over millions of years.

Question 19

In the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution,long periods of stasis are characterized by __________ selection.

Accepted Answer

A) directional 
B) disruptive 
C) deleterious 
D) stabilizing 
E) neutral 
A) directional 
B) disruptive 
C) deleterious 
D) stabilizing 
E) neutral

Question 20

__________ selection may occur when a phenotype at one extreme of a distribution is at a disadvantage.

Accepted Answer

A) Deleterious 
B) Directional 
C) Disruptive 
D) Discretional 
E) Stabilizing 
A) Deleterious 
B) Directional 
C) Disruptive 
D) Discretional 
E) Stabilizing

Exam 5: Evolution and Gene Frequencies

When individuals of an intermediate phenotype are at a relative disadvantage within the population,__________ selection is occurring.

The work of Peter and Rosemary Grant,on morphological changes in the bills of Galápagos finches,shows that evolution can be

Parapatric speciation may occur among small,local populations called

The total genetic makeup of a population is the

Geographic isolation can lead to speciation,and when it does,the speciation is called

One of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem is that

A requirement for speciation is that subpopulations

_____ speciation in a population of animals is believed to occur extremely rarely.

Darwin perceived evolutionary change as occurring gradually over millions of years; this has been the traditional interpretation of the pace of evolution and is referred to as

When chance events influence the frequency of alleles within a population,__________ has occurred.

Natural selection acts on individual __________,not on individual genes.

In the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution,periods of evolution are:

Mutations of an organism's DNA are

Assuming the conditions set by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,if the frequency of phenotype A is 96%,the frequency of A in the next generation would be

In a human population carrying the gene for sickle-cell anemia,and exposed to malaria,several genotypes persist in a

Which of the following is not an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem?

A group of individuals of the same species that occupy a given area at the same time and share a common set of genes is the definition of a/an

An excellent example of directional selection is

In the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution,long periods of stasis are characterized by __________ selection.

__________ selection may occur when a phenotype at one extreme of a distribution is at a disadvantage.

Zoology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective

Cells, tissues, organs, and Organ Systems of Animals

Cell Division and Inheritance

Evolution: History and Evidence

Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom

Animal Taxonomy, phylogeny, and Organization

Animal-Like Protists: the Protozoa

Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

The Smaller Lophotrochozoan Phyla

Molluscan Success

Annelida: the Metameric Body Form

The Smaller Ecdysozoan Phyla

The Arthropods: Blueprint for Success

The Pancrustacea: Crustacea and Hexapoda

Ambulacraria: Echinoderms and Hemichordates

Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water

Amphibians: the First Terrestrial Vertebrates

Reptiles: Diapsid Amniotes

Birds: Reptiles by Another Name

Mammals: Synapsid Amniotes

Protection, support, and Movement

Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Communication II: the Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Nutrition and Digestion

Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation

Reproduction and Development

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