Question 1

Cnidarians exchange respiratory gases and nitrogenous wastes via

Accepted Answer

A) active pumping. 
B) movement of cilia. 
C) active transport. 
D) movement of microvilli. 
E) diffusion. 
A) active pumping. 
B) movement of cilia. 
C) active transport. 
D) movement of microvilli. 
E) diffusion.

Question 2

The __________ is the simplest,but least common body form of sponge.

Accepted Answer

A) leucon 
B) sycon 
C) demosponge 
D) ascon 
E) sclerosponge 
A) leucon 
B) sycon 
C) demosponge 
D) ascon 
E) sclerosponge

Question 3

Just underneath the pinacocyte layer of a sponge is a jellylike layer referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A) ectoderm. 
B) endoderm. 
C) mesoderm. 
D) mesohyl. 
E) endochyme. 
A) ectoderm. 
B) endoderm. 
C) mesoderm. 
D) mesohyl. 
E) endochyme.

Question 4

One proposed mechanism for the evolution of multicellularity involves an ancestral multinucleate cell in which plasma membranes formed between nuclei,resulting in a multicellular organism.This proposed mechanism is referred to as the __________ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) colonial 
B) coenocytial 
C) polyphyletic 
D) metazoan 
E) synthetic 
A) colonial 
B) coenocytial 
C) polyphyletic 
D) metazoan 
E) synthetic

Question 5

The main source of nutrient carbohydrates in coral come from

Accepted Answer

A) zooxanthellae. 
B) captured prey. 
C) rhopalia. 
D) acontia. 
E) ephyrae. 
A) zooxanthellae. 
B) captured prey. 
C) rhopalia. 
D) acontia. 
E) ephyrae.

Question 6

Nerve cells of animals in this phylum are considered by many biologists to be the most primitive nervous elements in the animal kingdom.

Accepted Answer

A) Porifera 
B) Ctenophora 
C) Cnidaria 
D) Mesozoa 
E) Placozoa 
A) Porifera 
B) Ctenophora 
C) Cnidaria 
D) Mesozoa 
E) Placozoa

Question 7

Members of the cnidarian class __________ never have a medusa stage.

Accepted Answer

A) Mesozoa 
B) Hydrozoa 
C) Scyphozoa 
D) Anthozoa 
E) Cubozoa 
A) Mesozoa 
B) Hydrozoa 
C) Scyphozoa 
D) Anthozoa 
E) Cubozoa

Question 8

The free swimming larva of cnidarians is the

Accepted Answer

A) planula. 
B) pilidium. 
C) trochophore. 
D) bipinnaria. 
E) veliger. 
A) planula. 
B) pilidium. 
C) trochophore. 
D) bipinnaria. 
E) veliger.

Question 9

Eggs and sperm of sponges are commonly formed from

Accepted Answer

A) pinacocytes. 
B) porocytes. 
C) choanocytes. 
D) spongiocytes. 
E) sclerocytes. 
A) pinacocytes. 
B) porocytes. 
C) choanocytes. 
D) spongiocytes. 
E) sclerocytes.

Question 10

The collar of a choanocyte

Accepted Answer

A) regulates the diameter of the osculum. 
B) filters food from the water. 
C) creates currents in the water. 
D) regulates the diameter of the ostia. 
E) secretes digestive enzymes. 
A) regulates the diameter of the osculum. 
B) filters food from the water. 
C) creates currents in the water. 
D) regulates the diameter of the ostia. 
E) secretes digestive enzymes.

Question 11

Until very recently,this class of Cnidarians was included within the class Scyphozoa.

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrozoa 
B) Staurozoa 
C) Cubozoa 
D) Anthozoa 
E) Metridium 
A) Hydrozoa 
B) Staurozoa 
C) Cubozoa 
D) Anthozoa 
E) Metridium

Question 12

__________ sponges have incurrent canals formed by infoldings of the body wall.

Accepted Answer

A) Sclerosponge 
B) Sycon 
C) Leucon 
D) Calcisponge 
E) Ascon 
A) Sclerosponge 
B) Sycon 
C) Leucon 
D) Calcisponge 
E) Ascon

Question 13

Cnidarians possess a ____________ skeleton.

Accepted Answer

A) calcium carbonate 
B) silicon based 
C) spongin 
D) hydrostatic 
E) cartilagenous 
A) calcium carbonate 
B) silicon based 
C) spongin 
D) hydrostatic 
E) cartilagenous

Question 14

The unique adhesive cells of ctenophores are

Accepted Answer

A) statoblasts. 
B) cnidoblasts. 
C) colloblasts. 
D) pleuroblasts. 
E) statoliths. 
A) statoblasts. 
B) cnidoblasts. 
C) colloblasts. 
D) pleuroblasts. 
E) statoliths.

Question 15

The __________ cavity of cnidarians serves in digestion and as a site for exchange of respiratory gases and wastes.

Accepted Answer

A) intestine 
B) spongocoel 
C) gastrocoel 
D) gastrovascular 
E) archenteron 
A) intestine 
B) spongocoel 
C) gastrocoel 
D) gastrovascular 
E) archenteron

Question 16

The most complex sponge body form,the __________,is characterized by multiple oscula and a complex canal system where choanocytes reside in small chambers.

Accepted Answer

A) leucon 
B) ascon 
C) sycon 
D) polyp 
E) medusa 
A) leucon 
B) ascon 
C) sycon 
D) polyp 
E) medusa

Question 17

Which of the following items is NOT found in sponges?

Accepted Answer

A) choanocytes 
B) tissues 
C) pinacocytes 
D) porocytes 
E) mesohyl 
A) choanocytes 
B) tissues 
C) pinacocytes 
D) porocytes 
E) mesohyl

Question 18

Members of this cnidarian class include the sea anemones and coral.

Accepted Answer

A) Cubozoa 
B) Anthozoa 
C) Hydrozoa 
D) Scyphozoa 
E) Mesozoa 
A) Cubozoa 
B) Anthozoa 
C) Hydrozoa 
D) Scyphozoa 
E) Mesozoa

Exam 9: Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

Cnidarians exchange respiratory gases and nitrogenous wastes via

The __________ is the simplest,but least common body form of sponge.

Just underneath the pinacocyte layer of a sponge is a jellylike layer referred to as the

One proposed mechanism for the evolution of multicellularity involves an ancestral multinucleate cell in which plasma membranes formed between nuclei,resulting in a multicellular organism.This proposed mechanism is referred to as the __________ hypothesis.

The main source of nutrient carbohydrates in coral come from

Nerve cells of animals in this phylum are considered by many biologists to be the most primitive nervous elements in the animal kingdom.

Members of the cnidarian class __________ never have a medusa stage.

The free swimming larva of cnidarians is the

Eggs and sperm of sponges are commonly formed from

The collar of a choanocyte

Until very recently,this class of Cnidarians was included within the class Scyphozoa.

__________ sponges have incurrent canals formed by infoldings of the body wall.

Cnidarians possess a ____________ skeleton.

The unique adhesive cells of ctenophores are

The __________ cavity of cnidarians serves in digestion and as a site for exchange of respiratory gases and wastes.

The most complex sponge body form,the __________,is characterized by multiple oscula and a complex canal system where choanocytes reside in small chambers.

Which of the following items is NOT found in sponges?

Members of this cnidarian class include the sea anemones and coral.

Zoology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective

Cells, tissues, organs, and Organ Systems of Animals

Cell Division and Inheritance

Evolution: History and Evidence

Evolution and Gene Frequencies

Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom

Animal Taxonomy, phylogeny, and Organization

Animal-Like Protists: the Protozoa

The Smaller Lophotrochozoan Phyla

Molluscan Success

Annelida: the Metameric Body Form

The Smaller Ecdysozoan Phyla

The Arthropods: Blueprint for Success

The Pancrustacea: Crustacea and Hexapoda

Ambulacraria: Echinoderms and Hemichordates

Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water

Amphibians: the First Terrestrial Vertebrates

Reptiles: Diapsid Amniotes

Birds: Reptiles by Another Name

Mammals: Synapsid Amniotes

Protection, support, and Movement

Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Communication II: the Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Nutrition and Digestion

Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation

Reproduction and Development

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