Question 1

The structures responsible for color and color changes in amphibian skin are

Accepted Answer

A) mucous glands. 
B) warts. 
C) keratins. 
D) pigment glands. 
E) chromatophores. 
A) mucous glands. 
B) warts. 
C) keratins. 
D) pigment glands. 
E) chromatophores.

Question 2

Much of the movable lower eyelid of amphibians is transparent and is called the

Accepted Answer

A) optic tectum. 
B) nictitating membrane. 
C) protractor lentis. 
D) retractor lentis. 
E) tympanum. 
A) optic tectum. 
B) nictitating membrane. 
C) protractor lentis. 
D) retractor lentis. 
E) tympanum.

Question 3

The sternum is reduced or absent in members of the order

Accepted Answer

A) Caudata. 
B) Urodela. 
C) Gymnophiona. 
D) Anura. 
E) Caudofoveata. 
A) Caudata. 
B) Urodela. 
C) Gymnophiona. 
D) Anura. 
E) Caudofoveata.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the midbrain of amphibians?

Accepted Answer

A) processing visual sensory information 
B) regulation of heartbeat 
C) regulation of color exchange 
D) regulation of visceral functions 
E) initiation of receptor responses 
A) processing visual sensory information 
B) regulation of heartbeat 
C) regulation of color exchange 
D) regulation of visceral functions 
E) initiation of receptor responses

Question 5

A ventral plate of bone called the __________ is present in the anterior,ventral trunk region of many amphibians.This plate provides support for the forelimbs and protection for internal organs.

Accepted Answer

A) ilium 
B) coccyx 
C) sternum 
D) ischium 
E) scapula 
A) ilium 
B) coccyx 
C) sternum 
D) ischium 
E) scapula

Question 6

In anurans,fertilization involves the male mounting and clasping the female followed by external fertilization--a behavior called ____________.This behavior is in contrast to the use of __________ in salamander sperm transfer.

Accepted Answer

A) amplexus/spermatophores 
B) clasping/amplexus 
C) appositioning/ copulation 
D) copulation/ spermatophores 
E) copulation/ amplexus 
A) amplexus/spermatophores 
B) clasping/amplexus 
C) appositioning/ copulation 
D) copulation/ spermatophores 
E) copulation/ amplexus

Question 7

Because amphibians depend on external sources of heat to maintain body temperatures,they are said to be

Accepted Answer

A) endothermic. 
B) amphithermic. 
C) homeothermic. 
D) isothermic. 
E) ectothermic. 
A) endothermic. 
B) amphithermic. 
C) homeothermic. 
D) isothermic. 
E) ectothermic.

Question 8

In amphibians,a __________ valve in the conus arteriosus or ventral aorta helps direct blood into pulmonary and systemic circuits.

Accepted Answer

A) bicuspid 
B) tricuspid 
C) mitral 
D) semilunar 
E) spiral 
A) bicuspid 
B) tricuspid 
C) mitral 
D) semilunar 
E) spiral

Question 9

Fertilization is always internal in caecilians; larval stages are often

Accepted Answer

A) carried in special pouches on the back of the male until development is completed. 
B) neotenic. 
C) called newts. 
D) held in the oviducts and the young emerge from the female as miniatures of the adult. 
E) carried in the mouth of the female until development is completed. 
A) carried in special pouches on the back of the male until development is completed. 
B) neotenic. 
C) called newts. 
D) held in the oviducts and the young emerge from the female as miniatures of the adult. 
E) carried in the mouth of the female until development is completed.

Question 10

Which gland has been shown to play a key role in the regulation of metamorphosis in amphibians?

Accepted Answer

A) pancreas 
B) thymus 
C) thyroid 
D) adrenal 
E) pineal 
A) pancreas 
B) thymus 
C) thyroid 
D) adrenal 
E) pineal

Question 11

__________ act to amplify the calls of frogs that are produced by the vocal cords.

Accepted Answer

A) Pulmonary diverticulae 
B) Vocal sacs 
C) Amphibian tongues 
D) Spiral valves 
E) Vocal valves 
A) Pulmonary diverticulae 
B) Vocal sacs 
C) Amphibian tongues 
D) Spiral valves 
E) Vocal valves

Question 12

Amphibians are vulnerable to a wide range of environmental disturbances.Conservation measures,therefore,need to be very wide-ranging and include both short-term and long-term efforts.Based on what you now know of amphibian biology,check all of the following statements that could be reasonable conservation strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the long term,wetland conservation measures will preserve the freshwater habitats that amphibians need for breeding,larval development,and adult survival. 
B)  In the short term,captive breeding programs and fungal treatment programs can help preserve endangered species. 
C)  In the short term,hobby aquarium enthusiasts can help by maintaining specimens collected in the wild. 
D)  In the long term,international measures to control climate change and alleviate drought will help protect amphibian habitats and improve the chances for amphibian survival. 
E)  In the short term,translocating nonnative amphibians into regions where threatened species are known to exist will help protect habitats for the threatened species. 
A)  In the long term,wetland conservation measures will preserve the freshwater habitats that amphibians need for breeding,larval development,and adult survival. 
B)  In the short term,captive breeding programs and fungal treatment programs can help preserve endangered species. 
C)  In the short term,hobby aquarium enthusiasts can help by maintaining specimens collected in the wild. 
D)  In the long term,international measures to control climate change and alleviate drought will help protect amphibian habitats and improve the chances for amphibian survival. 
E)  In the short term,translocating nonnative amphibians into regions where threatened species are known to exist will help protect habitats for the threatened species.

Question 13

Gas exchange across the skin is called

Accepted Answer

A) ram ventilation. 
B) countercurrent exchange. 
C) cutaneous respiration. 
D) buccopharyngeal exchange. 
E) branchial respiration. 
A) ram ventilation. 
B) countercurrent exchange. 
C) cutaneous respiration. 
D) buccopharyngeal exchange. 
E) branchial respiration.

Question 14

Larval stages of frogs and toads are usually referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) tadpoles. 
B) newts. 
C) neotenic. 
D) amphipods. 
E) amniotes. 
A) tadpoles. 
B) newts. 
C) neotenic. 
D) amphipods. 
E) amniotes.

Question 15

When in water amphibians

Accepted Answer

A) produce large quantities of ammonia. 
B) produce minute quantities of hypertonic urine. 
C) excrete large quantities of salt through the kidneys. 
D) actively absorb large quantities of water through the skin. 
E) produce large quantities of hypotonic urine. 
A) produce large quantities of ammonia. 
B) produce minute quantities of hypertonic urine. 
C) excrete large quantities of salt through the kidneys. 
D) actively absorb large quantities of water through the skin. 
E) produce large quantities of hypotonic urine.

Question 16

The skin of amphibians is

Accepted Answer

A) highly glandular. 
B) thick and dry. 
C) covered with a fine hair. 
D) covered with fine scales. 
A) highly glandular. 
B) thick and dry. 
C) covered with a fine hair. 
D) covered with fine scales.

Question 17

Caecilians belong to the amphibian order

Accepted Answer

A) Caudata. 
B) Anura. 
C) Urodela. 
D) Caudofoveata. 
E) Gymnophiona. 
A) Caudata. 
B) Anura. 
C) Urodela. 
D) Caudofoveata. 
E) Gymnophiona.

Question 18

The _______ of the amphibian middle ear is the single auditory ossicle.

Accepted Answer

A) incus 
B) malleus 
C) tympanum 
D) quadrate 
E) stapes 
A) incus 
B) malleus 
C) tympanum 
D) quadrate 
E) stapes

Question 19

Female salamanders have a special pouch,the __________,in which sperm are stored.

Accepted Answer

A) ovarian cecum 
B) vaginal pouch 
C) spermatheca 
D) spermatophore 
E) uterus 
A) ovarian cecum 
B) vaginal pouch 
C) spermatheca 
D) spermatophore 
E) uterus

Question 20

When the amphibians first moved onto land,there was

Accepted Answer

A) an environment relatively free from predators. 
B) a readily available food source. 
C) competition with the reptiles. 
D) An environment relatively free from predators and a readily available food source are both correct. 
A) an environment relatively free from predators. 
B) a readily available food source. 
C) competition with the reptiles. 
D) An environment relatively free from predators and a readily available food source are both correct.

Exam 19: Amphibians: the First Terrestrial Vertebrates

The structures responsible for color and color changes in amphibian skin are

Much of the movable lower eyelid of amphibians is transparent and is called the

The sternum is reduced or absent in members of the order

Which of the following is a function of the midbrain of amphibians?

A ventral plate of bone called the __________ is present in the anterior,ventral trunk region of many amphibians.This plate provides support for the forelimbs and protection for internal organs.

In anurans,fertilization involves the male mounting and clasping the female followed by external fertilization--a behavior called ____________.This behavior is in contrast to the use of __________ in salamander sperm transfer.

Because amphibians depend on external sources of heat to maintain body temperatures,they are said to be

In amphibians,a __________ valve in the conus arteriosus or ventral aorta helps direct blood into pulmonary and systemic circuits.

Fertilization is always internal in caecilians; larval stages are often

Which gland has been shown to play a key role in the regulation of metamorphosis in amphibians?

__________ act to amplify the calls of frogs that are produced by the vocal cords.

Gas exchange across the skin is called

Larval stages of frogs and toads are usually referred to as

When in water amphibians

The skin of amphibians is

Caecilians belong to the amphibian order

The _______ of the amphibian middle ear is the single auditory ossicle.

Female salamanders have a special pouch,the __________,in which sperm are stored.

When the amphibians first moved onto land,there was

Zoology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective

Cells, tissues, organs, and Organ Systems of Animals

Cell Division and Inheritance

Evolution: History and Evidence

Evolution and Gene Frequencies

Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom

Animal Taxonomy, phylogeny, and Organization

Animal-Like Protists: the Protozoa

Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

The Smaller Lophotrochozoan Phyla

Molluscan Success

Annelida: the Metameric Body Form

The Smaller Ecdysozoan Phyla

The Arthropods: Blueprint for Success

The Pancrustacea: Crustacea and Hexapoda

Ambulacraria: Echinoderms and Hemichordates

Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water

Reptiles: Diapsid Amniotes

Birds: Reptiles by Another Name

Mammals: Synapsid Amniotes

Protection, support, and Movement

Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Communication II: the Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Nutrition and Digestion

Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation

Reproduction and Development

Filters

In anurans,fertilization involves the male mounting and clasping the female followed by external fertilization--a behavior called __.This behavior is in contrast to the use of in salamander sperm transfer.