Question 1

The "pacemaker" of the heart is the __________ node.

Accepted Answer

A) atrioventricular 
B) Purkinje 
C) diastolic 
D) systolic 
E) sinoatrial 
A) atrioventricular 
B) Purkinje 
C) diastolic 
D) systolic 
E) sinoatrial

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a formed element of blood?

Accepted Answer

A) granulocyte 
B) eosinophil 
C) neutrophil 
D) hemophil 
E) agranulocyte 
A) granulocyte 
B) eosinophil 
C) neutrophil 
D) hemophil 
E) agranulocyte

Question 3

The straw-colored,liquid part of blood is called

Accepted Answer

A) solute. 
B) plasma. 
C) hemoglobin. 
D) formed element. 
E) fibrinogen. 
A) solute. 
B) plasma. 
C) hemoglobin. 
D) formed element. 
E) fibrinogen.

Question 4

The formed-element fraction of vertebrate blood consists of

Accepted Answer

A) protein and mineral ions. 
B) amino acids and sodium ions. 
C) blood cells and platelets. 
D) thromboplastin. 
E) water and dissolved components. 
A) protein and mineral ions. 
B) amino acids and sodium ions. 
C) blood cells and platelets. 
D) thromboplastin. 
E) water and dissolved components.

Question 5

The oxygen-carrying cells of vertebrate blood are called

Accepted Answer

A) granulocytes. 
B) agranulocytes. 
C) leucocytes. 
D) platelets. 
E) erythrocytes. 
A) granulocytes. 
B) agranulocytes. 
C) leucocytes. 
D) platelets. 
E) erythrocytes.

Question 6

The fluid in insects that is analogous to blood is called

Accepted Answer

A) paralymph. 
B) teralymph. 
C) somatolymph. 
D) hemolymph. 
E) gastrolymph. 
A) paralymph. 
B) teralymph. 
C) somatolymph. 
D) hemolymph. 
E) gastrolymph.

Question 7

In which vertebrate class is cutaneous respiration most highly developed?

Accepted Answer

A) fishes 
B) amphibians 
C) reptiles 
D) birds 
E) mammals 
A) fishes 
B) amphibians 
C) reptiles 
D) birds 
E) mammals

Question 8

In single-celled organisms such as protozoa,__________ is/are the mechanism(s)used to move gases into and out of the body.

Accepted Answer

A) vascular gills 
B) active transport 
C) vascular membranes 
D) diffusion 
E) costal ventilation 
A) vascular gills 
B) active transport 
C) vascular membranes 
D) diffusion 
E) costal ventilation

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true with respect to bimodal breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) The ability of an organism to exchange respiratory gases simultaneously with both air and water. 
B) Some salamanders use gills for water breathing and lungs for air breathing. 
C) Some bimodal breathers can also be trimodal (skin, gills, and lungs) 
D) Bimodal breathing was an important respiratory adaptation between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. 
E) In bimodal breathing, lungs replace gills. 
A) The ability of an organism to exchange respiratory gases simultaneously with both air and water. 
B) Some salamanders use gills for water breathing and lungs for air breathing. 
C) Some bimodal breathers can also be trimodal (skin, gills, and lungs) 
D) Bimodal breathing was an important respiratory adaptation between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. 
E) In bimodal breathing, lungs replace gills.

Question 10

The oxygen-carrying pigment found in the erythrocytes of vertebrates is

Accepted Answer

A) hemoglobin. 
B) chlorocrurin. 
C) hemocyanin. 
D) hematoprotein. 
E) hematocrit. 
A) hemoglobin. 
B) chlorocrurin. 
C) hemocyanin. 
D) hematoprotein. 
E) hematocrit.

Question 11

The mammalian heart has

Accepted Answer

A) two ventricles and one atrium. 
B) two atria and one ventricle. 
C) two atria and two ventricles. 
D) one atrium and one ventricle. 
E) The answer depends on the mammal, as the primitive monotremes have a different arrangement. 
A) two ventricles and one atrium. 
B) two atria and one ventricle. 
C) two atria and two ventricles. 
D) one atrium and one ventricle. 
E) The answer depends on the mammal, as the primitive monotremes have a different arrangement.

Question 12

Book lungs are found in

Accepted Answer

A) snails. 
B) lobsters. 
C) beetles. 
D) spiders. 
E) lizards. 
A) snails. 
B) lobsters. 
C) beetles. 
D) spiders. 
E) lizards.

Question 13

In which organisms do skeletal muscles squeeze against lymphatic vessels to facilitate movement of lymph?

Accepted Answer

A) fish 
B) amphibians 
C) mammals 
D) reptiles 
E) bird embryos 
A) fish 
B) amphibians 
C) mammals 
D) reptiles 
E) bird embryos

Question 14

The vertebrate respiratory organ that has the simplest structure is the

Accepted Answer

A) reptilian lung. 
B) fish gill. 
C) amphibian gill. 
D) bird lung. 
E) skin of an amphibian. 
A) reptilian lung. 
B) fish gill. 
C) amphibian gill. 
D) bird lung. 
E) skin of an amphibian.

Question 15

Which component of the lymphatic system filters foreign substances from blood and manufactures phagocytic lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) lymphatics 
B) lymph nodes 
C) spleen 
D) thymus 
E) lymphatic capillaries 
A) lymphatics 
B) lymph nodes 
C) spleen 
D) thymus 
E) lymphatic capillaries

Question 16

Gas exchange structures of some marine annelids are lateral projections called

Accepted Answer

A) brachial gills. 
B) tracheae. 
C) skin gills. 
D) compact gills. 
E) parapodia. 
A) brachial gills. 
B) tracheae. 
C) skin gills. 
D) compact gills. 
E) parapodia.

Question 17

What developed in fish that required the evolution of a two-chambered pump?

Accepted Answer

A) An aquatic environment 
B) Sexual reproduction. 
C) Gills. 
D) Blood cells. 
E) A fast swimming life style. 
A) An aquatic environment 
B) Sexual reproduction. 
C) Gills. 
D) Blood cells. 
E) A fast swimming life style.

Question 18

The plasma proteins comprise about __________% of plasma.

Accepted Answer

A) 50 
B) 35 
C) 25 
D) 15 
E) 7 
A) 50 
B) 35 
C) 25 
D) 15 
E) 7

Question 19

Water comprises approximately __________% of mammalian plasma.

Accepted Answer

A) 90 
B) 75 
C) 65 
D) 50 
E) 10 
A) 90 
B) 75 
C) 65 
D) 50 
E) 10

Exam 26: Circulation and Gas Exchange

The "pacemaker" of the heart is the __________ node.

Which of the following is NOT a formed element of blood?

The straw-colored,liquid part of blood is called

The formed-element fraction of vertebrate blood consists of

The oxygen-carrying cells of vertebrate blood are called

The fluid in insects that is analogous to blood is called

In which vertebrate class is cutaneous respiration most highly developed?

In single-celled organisms such as protozoa,__________ is/are the mechanism(s)used to move gases into and out of the body.

Which of the following is NOT true with respect to bimodal breathing?

The oxygen-carrying pigment found in the erythrocytes of vertebrates is

The mammalian heart has

Book lungs are found in

In which organisms do skeletal muscles squeeze against lymphatic vessels to facilitate movement of lymph?

The vertebrate respiratory organ that has the simplest structure is the

Which component of the lymphatic system filters foreign substances from blood and manufactures phagocytic lymphocytes?

Gas exchange structures of some marine annelids are lateral projections called

What developed in fish that required the evolution of a two-chambered pump?

The plasma proteins comprise about __________% of plasma.

Water comprises approximately __________% of mammalian plasma.

Zoology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective

Cells, tissues, organs, and Organ Systems of Animals

Cell Division and Inheritance

Evolution: History and Evidence

Evolution and Gene Frequencies

Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom

Animal Taxonomy, phylogeny, and Organization

Animal-Like Protists: the Protozoa

Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

The Smaller Lophotrochozoan Phyla

Molluscan Success

Annelida: the Metameric Body Form

The Smaller Ecdysozoan Phyla

The Arthropods: Blueprint for Success

The Pancrustacea: Crustacea and Hexapoda

Ambulacraria: Echinoderms and Hemichordates

Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water

Amphibians: the First Terrestrial Vertebrates

Reptiles: Diapsid Amniotes

Birds: Reptiles by Another Name

Mammals: Synapsid Amniotes

Protection, support, and Movement

Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Communication II: the Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers

Nutrition and Digestion

Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation

Reproduction and Development

Filters